Hong Kong signs MOUs with Cambodia and Malaysia to promote intellectual property co-operation and development

Source: Hong Kong Government special administrative region – 4

     The Intellectual Property Department (IPD) signed Memorandums of Understanding (MOUs) on December 4 separately with the Department of Intellectual Property of the Ministry of Commerce of Cambodia and the Intellectual Property Corporation of Malaysia to establish a framework for collaboration in the field of intellectual property (IP) aimed at driving innovation and economic development.
 
     Witnessed by the Under Secretary for Commerce and Economic Development, Dr Bernard Chan, and the Secretary of State of the Ministry of Commerce of Cambodia, Mr Ouk Prachea, the Director of Intellectual Property, Mr David Wong, signed an MOU with the Director of the Department of Intellectual Property of the Ministry of Commerce of Cambodia, Mr Suon Vichea.
 
     Later in the afternoon, Mr Wong signed a separate MOU with the Director General of the Intellectual Property Corporation of Malaysia, Mrs Yusnieza Syarmila Yusoff.
 
     The two MOUs were signed on the sidelines of the Business of Intellectual Property (BIP) Asia Forum held in Hong Kong with an aim to deepen Hong Kong’s co-operation with Cambodia and Malaysia in areas such as the creation, protection, management and commercialisation of IP, and enhance the critical role of IP in driving innovation and creativity, as well as in seizing business opportunities.
 
     Under the MOUs, Hong Kong and the two places will engage in diverse forms of collaboration, such as fostering the exchange of IP-related information, enhancing personnel training and capacity building, and organising seminars and conferences to boost professional capabilities in IP businesses.
 
     “Hong Kong enjoys the distinctive advantage of having strong support from the motherland and being closely connected to the world under the ‘one country, two systems’ principle. Our business environment is highly market-oriented and internationalised, underpinned by the rule of law, with a robust and effective IP system in place. The IPD looks forward to joining hands with the IP authorities of Cambodia and Malaysia to strengthen co-operation in the field of IP. Sharing a common vision, we are jointly committed to leveraging the IP system to encourage industries to create and innovate, and promote economic development,” Mr Wong said.
 
     Jointly organised by the Government and the Hong Kong Trade Development Council, the BIP Asia Forum is an annual IP flagship event in the region that brings together IP professionals and leaders from Asia and around the world. This year’s forum was held at the Hong Kong Convention and Exhibition Centre in Wan Chai on December 4 and 5 under the theme “Leverage IP to finance business growth”, featuring over 100 renowned speakers. They included senior officials from the China National Intellectual Property Administration and the World Intellectual Property Organization, as well as speakers from the IP authorities of the member states of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations.

           

Legislative Council General Election results: Hong Kong Special Administrative Region deputies to the National People’s Congress, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region members of the National Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference and representatives of relevant national organisations

Source: Hong Kong Government special administrative region – 4

     The results of the 2025 Legislative Council General Election are:

Functional constituency: Hong Kong Special Administrative Region deputies to the National People’s Congress, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region members of the National Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference and representatives of relevant national organisations
————————————————————————————————————————————————
 

No. Candidates No. of votes obtained
ZN 1 Lai Tat Shing (Rex) 121
ZN 2 Chan Yung* 414

* elected

Legislative Council General Election results: Labour

Source: Hong Kong Government special administrative region – 4

     The results of the 2025 Legislative Council General Election are:

Functional constituency: Labour
————————————
 

No. Candidates No. of votes obtained
H 1 So Pak Tsan 281
H 2 Chau Siu Chung* 521
H 3 Tam Kam Lin 297
H 4 Lee Kwong Yu* 485
H 5 Lam Wai Kong* 506

* elected

CE: Government to drive reform with new-term LegCo as election successfully concludes

Source: Hong Kong Government special administrative region

CE: Government to drive reform with new-term LegCo as election successfully concludes      
     The eighth LegCo General Election has successfully concluded, with the election results for all 90 seats announced. On behalf of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR) Government, I would like to extend my congratulations to all LegCo Members successfully returned. I also thank the 161 candidates from different sectors, professions and backgrounds, as well as all sectors of the community, for their active participation.
      
     The smooth and successful conduct of the election at a time when the Hong Kong community is collectively facing a difficult period carries profound significance. It demonstrates electors’ support for the Government’s commitment to recovery and reform following the tragedy, and for electing capable and committed LegCo Members to drive institutional reform. It showcases the spirit of unity, mutual care and support among the people of Hong Kong.
      
     The successful conclusion of the LegCo General Election as scheduled reflects our adherence to and respect for the constitutional order and the rule of law. The election was the second LegCo General Election held after the implementation of the principle of “patriots administering Hong Kong” and the improved electoral system. Candidates actively participated in 39 open election forums, engaging in a high-quality, high-standard and healthy competition based on the principle of broad representation, balanced participation and fair competition.
      
     I thank every one of the electors who have cast their vote for actively exercising their civic rights and responsibilities. Their passion for the election at this crucial time of recovery showed their unity in the face of challenges. They have elected an eighth-term LegCo composed of patriots who love Hong Kong and possess both integrity and capability, who will work with the Government in building a better Hong Kong – a home for us all.
      
     To facilitate electors, the Government introduced a number of pioneering arrangements in this election, including extending polling hours by two hours to 16 hours, setting up Designated Polling Stations and Outreach Polling Stations for the convenience of various groups, and establishing Near Boundary Polling Stations to facilitate electors travelling to and from the Mainland and overseas. The overall polling process was smooth. The Government will review the experience to further enhance the procedures. I thank the Electoral Affairs Commission for its comprehensive and meticulous preparations, and the participation and efforts of all staff and volunteers involved in the election. Their work have ensured the election was concluded smoothly in an open, fair, honest, safe and orderly manner.
      
     The community has gone through this difficult period brought by the fire together. I expect the eighth-term LegCo Members to join hands with the HKSAR Government to undertake support and recovery work following the tragedy. Through initiating debates, promoting the review and updating of legislation, and driving systemic reforms, we will make Hong Kong a safer city where citizens could live with greater peace of mind.
      
     Under the executive-led system and the principle of “patriots administering Hong Kong”, the executive and the legislature will further engage in constructive interaction, complementing each other with due checks and balances to open up new ground for Hong Kong through innovation and reform, continuously develop the economy, and enhance people’s livelihood. I am confident that the new-term LegCo Members will actively engage with the community and various sectors, better understand public opinion, proffer their views and advice, and lead the deepening reforms of Hong Kong together with the HKSAR Government to create a shared future together.
Issued at HKT 8:19

NNNN

Court makes review decision on sentencing for violating occupational safety and health legislation

Source: Hong Kong Government special administrative region – 4

Regarding the sentencing in a fatal industrial accident, the Kwun Tong Magistrates’ Courts today (December 8) handed down a review decision, accepting the prosecution’s application for review of an earlier court sentence, increasing the fines imposed on the contractor and shortening the duration, with higher amounts for the monthly instalment of the fines.

The case involved a fatal accident that occurred on May 7, 2022, at a residential unit under renovation in Jordan. A scaffolder, while preparing to erect a truss-out bamboo scaffold on an external wall, fell to the ground and died.

The contractor was prosecuted by the Labour Department (LD) for the violation of the Construction Sites (Safety) Regulations, and was fined $90,000 and allowed to pay the fines in 90 instalments of $1,000 per month at the Kwun Tong Magistrates’ Courts on November 8, 2024.

After the sentencing, the prosecution filed a review application with the court regarding the sentences imposed on the relevant contractor. The review hearing was brought up today before the Kwun Tong Magistrates’ Courts. The fines imposed on the contractor were increased to $160,000 and were payable in 74 instalments of $2,000 per month after deducting the fine of $12,000 that has already been paid.

A spokesman for the LD said that the ruling will disseminate a strong message to all contractors that they have to protect workers’ safety and health at work in accordance with the laws. The prosecution will continue to pay attention to court rulings and will file review or appeal applications for cases where the sentences are manifestly inadequate and/or wrong in principle.

Commencement dates of Eighth Term LegCo and 2026 legislative session

Source: Hong Kong Government special administrative region – 4

The Government announced today (December 8) that, in accordance with section 4(3) of the Legislative Council Ordinance, the Chief Executive in Council has specified January 1, 2026, as the commencement date of the Eighth Term Legislative Council (LegCo) of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.

In addition, under section 9(2) of the Ordinance, the Chief Executive has specified that the 2026 legislative session will begin on the first Wednesday after the President of the Legislative Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region is elected in accordance with Article 71 of the Basic Law and Rule 4 of the Rules of Procedure of the Legislative Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. The Chief Executive has also, in accordance with section 10(1) of the Ordinance, specified that the first meeting of the Eighth Term LegCo will be held at 11am on the first Wednesday after the President of the Legislative Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region is elected in accordance with Article 71 of the Basic Law and Rule 4 of the Rules of Procedure of the Legislative Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.

Notices announcing the commencement date of the Eighth Term LegCo, the commencement date of the 2026 legislative session, and the date and time of the first meeting of the Eighth Term LegCo are published in the Government Gazette today.

Eighth SAR Legislative Council formed

Source: Hong Kong Government special administrative region – 4

     The eighth Legislative Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region has been successfully formed, as all 90 seats have been filled following the smooth completion of the election yesterday (December 7).

     The elected members are:
 

Geographical constituencies
Hong Kong Island East Ng Chau Pei
Chik Kit Ling Elaine
Hong Kong Island West Chan Judy Kapui
Chan Hok Fung
Kowloon East Tang Ka Piu
Cheung Pui Kong
Kowloon West Leung Man Kwong
Cheng Wing Shun Vincent
Kowloon Central Yang Wing Kit
Lee Wai King Starry
New Territories South East Ip Ngo Tung Chris
Fong Kwok Shan Christine
New Territories North Tam Chun Kwok
Yiu Ming
New Territories North West Chow Ho Ding Holden
Chong Ho Fung
New Territories South West Kwok Fu Yung
Chan Wing Yan
New Territories North East Chan Hak Kan
Lee Tsz King Dominic

 

Functional constituencies
Heung Yee Kuk Lau Ip Keung Kenneth
Agriculture and fisheries Chan Pok Chi
Insurance Chan Pui Leung
Transport Lam Ming Fung Lothair
Education Tang Fei
Legal Chan Hiu Fung Nicholas (Nick)
Accountancy Ng Kam Wah Webster
Medical and health services Lam Tzit Yuen David
Engineering Bok Kwok Ming Aaron
Architectural, surveying, planning and landscape Lau Man Kwan Julia
Labour Chau Siu Chung
Lee Kwong Yu
Lam Wai Kong
Social welfare Chan Man Yee Grace
Real estate and construction Wong Ho Ming Augustine
Tourism Kong Man Wai Vivian
Commercial (first) Lamport Jonathan Stuart
Commercial (second) Yao Cho Fai Andrew
Commercial (third) Yim Kong (Erik Yim)
Industrial (first) Wong Wing Wai
Industrial (second) Ng Wing Ka
Finance Chan Chun Ying
Financial services Lee Wai Wang Robert
Sports, performing arts, culture and publication Fok Kai Kong Kenneth
Import and export Chung Ki Fung
Textiles and garment Tan Sunny
Wholesale and retail Shiu Ka Fai
Technology and innovation Chiu Duncan
Catering Leung Chun (Jonathan)
Hong Kong Special
Administrative Region
deputies to the National
People’s Congress, Hong
Kong Special
Administrative Region
members of the National
Committee of the Chinese
People’s Political
Consultative Conference
and representatives of
relevant national
organisations
Chan Yung

 

Election Committee constituency
Yiu Pak Leung
Lee Ka Kui (Elvin Lee)
Man Wing Yee Ginny
Ng Kit Chong
Ng Wun Kit
Lau Chi Pang
Tang Ming Sum Michelle
Lau Ka Keung
Fan Hoi Kit
So Shiu Tsung Thomas
Hung Kam In
Ho Chun Yin Steven
Koon Ho Ming Peter Douglas
Wu Yingpeng
Wong Kam Fai William
Chan Wing Kwong
Lee Chun Keung
Ho Kwan Yiu (Junius)
Lam Siu Lo Andrew
Chan Han Pan (Ben)
Ho King Hong Adrian Pedro
Ngai Ming Tak
Fan Chun Wah Andrew
Chan Chung Yee Alan
Chan Hoi Yan
Leung Tsz Wing Dennis
Quat Elizabeth (EQ)
Chu Lap Wai
Chan Siu Hung
Lam Lam Nixie
Chuang Ka Pun Albert
Lee Hoey Simon
Lam Chun Sing
Wong Kwok Kingsley
Wong Kam Leung
Kan Wai Mun Carmen
Leung Mei Fun (Priscilla)
Chan Man Ki Maggie
Chan Cho Kwong
Chen Chung Nin Rock

Legislative Council General Election overall results

Source: Hong Kong Government special administrative region

     The overall results of the 2025 Legislative Council General Election are as follows:
 

Geographical constituency: Hong Kong Island East
No. Candidates No. of votes obtained
1 Ng Chau Pei* 39,707
2 Chik Kit Ling Elaine* 22,054
3 Kwok Ho King Calvin 17,344
4 Yuen Kin Chung Kenny 21,696
5 Lee Ching Har 16,458

 

Geographical constituency: Hong Kong Island West
No. Candidates No. of votes obtained
1 Young Chit On Jeremy 10,675
2 Chan Judy Kapui* 30,033
3 Wong Chau Ping 7,384
4 Chan Hok Fung* 30,543
5 Kwok Wai Keung 25,643

 

Geographical constituency: Kowloon East
No. Candidates No. of votes obtained
1 Tang Ka Piu* 53,675
2 Cheung Pui Kong* 29,116
3 Ngan Man Yu 24,250
4 Chan Chun Hung 3,855
5 Leung Sze Wan 28,834

 

Geographical constituency: Kowloon West
No. Candidates No. of votes obtained
1 Guan Weixi (Haywood) 13,592
2 Lau Oi Sze 15,708
3 Leung Man Kwong* 25,692
4 Pong Chiu Fai 7,285
5 Cheng Wing Shun Vincent* 41,767

 

Geographical constituency: Kowloon Central
No. Candidates No. of votes obtained
1 Lee Chiu Yu 7,615
2 Yeung Nok Hin 15,734
3 Yang Wing Kit* 28,163
4 Lee Wai King Starry* 53,529
5 Yau Yiu Shing 12,527
6 Tam Lee Yee 12,487

 

Geographical constituency: New Territories South East
No. Candidates No. of votes obtained
1 Ip Ngo Tung Chris* 26,250
2 Lee Ching Yee Janet 16,636
3 Fong Kwok Shan Christine* 58,828
4 Cheung Mei Hung (Chris) 18,681
5 Chan Chi Ho 18,797

 

Geographical constituency: New Territories North
No. Candidates No. of votes obtained
1 Tam Chun Kwok* 41,657
2 Tsang King Chung Kent 17,930
3 Shum Ho Kit (Wilson Shum) 22,415
4 Liu Tsz Chung Michael 9,880
5 Yiu Ming* 33,389

 

Geographical constituency: New Territories North West
No. Candidates No. of votes obtained
1 Chow Ho Ding Holden* 42,347
2 Chong Ho Fung* 34,756
3 Leung Ming Kin 25,936
4 Kam Man Fung 11,893
5 Luk Chung Hung 23,282

 

Geographical constituency: New Territories South West
No. Candidates No. of votes obtained
1 Lo Yuen Ting 34,138
2 Kwok Fu Yung* 37,020
3 Chan Wing Yan* 52,900
4 Cheung Man Ka 16,417
5 Mok Yee Ki 8,383

 

Geographical constituency: New Territories North East
No. Candidates No. of votes obtained
1 Chan Hak Kan* 41,612
2 Lee Tsz King Dominic* 42,749
3 Wong Wing Ho Allan 11,951
4 Ku Wai Ping 18,003
5 Tang Siu Fung Calvin 15,319

 

Functional constituency: Heung Yee Kuk
No. Candidates No. of votes obtained
HYK 1 Lau Kai Hong 23
HYK 2 Lau Ip Keung Kenneth* 119

 

Functional constituency: Agriculture and fisheries
No. Candidates No. of votes obtained
AF 1 Chan Pok Chi* 82
AF 2 Yeung Sheung Chun 79

 

Functional constituency: Insurance
No. Candidates No. of votes obtained
IN 1 Chan Pui Leung* 48
IN 2 Lam Yat Tung (Simon Lam) 40

 

Functional constituency: Transport
No. Candidates No. of votes obtained
TR 1 Feng Jiapei 27
TR 2 Lam Ming Fung Lothair* 162

 

Functional constituency: Education
No. Candidates No. of votes obtained
A 1 Cheung Chak Chung (Prof Ray/Dr Ray) 11,206
A 2 Tang Fei* 13,759

 

Functional constituency: Legal
No. Candidates No. of votes obtained
B 1 Lee Wing Cheung Virginia 753
B 2 Chan Hiu Fung Nicholas (Nick)* 1,543

 

Functional constituency: Accountancy
No. Candidates No. of votes obtained
C 1 Ng Kam Wah Webster* 4,389
C 2 Wong Chun Sek Edmund 3,618

 

Functional constituency: Medical and health services
No. Candidates No. of votes obtained
DE 1 Lam Tzit Yuen David* 11,739
DE 2 Leung Lai Yin John 4,889

 

Functional constituency: Engineering
No. Candidates No. of votes obtained
F 1 Fok Wai Tung Wilton 2,377
F 2 Bok Kwok Ming Aaron* 3,058

 

Functional constituency: Architectural, surveying, planning and landscape
No. Candidates No. of votes obtained
G 1 Lau Man Kwan Julia* 2,157
G 2 Lam Ka Fai Francis 2,040

 

Functional constituency: Labour
No. Candidates No. of votes obtained
H 1 So Pak Tsan 281
H 2 Chau Siu Chung* 521
H 3 Tam Kam Lin 297
H 4 Lee Kwong Yu* 485
H 5 Lam Wai Kong* 506

 

Functional constituency: Social welfare
No. Candidates No. of votes obtained
K 1 Fong Fu Fai 1,755
K 2 Chu Lai Ling 723
K 3 Chan Man Yee Grace* 2,179

 

Functional constituency: Real estate and construction
No. Candidates No. of votes obtained
L 1 Wong Ho Ming Augustine* 316
L 2 Chao Howard 150

 

Functional constituency: Tourism
No. Candidates No. of votes obtained
M 1 Kong Man Wai Vivian* 131
M 2 Ma Yat Chiu 23

 

Functional constituency: Commercial (first)
No. Candidates No. of votes obtained
N 1 Lee Kar Chung Felix 283
N 2 Lamport Jonathan Stuart* 404

 

Functional constituency: Commercial (second)
No. Candidates No. of votes obtained
P 1 Yao Cho Fai Andrew* 194
P 2 Wong Ivan Siu Kei 33

 

Functional constituency: Commercial (third)
No. Candidates No. of votes obtained
Q 1 Yim Kong (Erik Yim)* 199
Q 2 Cheung Ki Tang 106

 

Functional constituency: Industrial (first)
No. Candidates No. of votes obtained
R 1 Wong Wing Wai* 153
R 2 Hui Man Chun (Terrence) 86

 

Functional constituency: Industrial (second)
No. Candidates No. of votes obtained
S 1 Ng Wing Ka* 246
S 2 Wong Wai Leung 62

 

Functional constituency: Finance
No. Candidates No. of votes obtained
T 1 Ip Tsz Kin 33
T 2 Chan Chun Ying* 42

 

Functional constituency: Financial services
No. Candidates No. of votes obtained
U 1 Lee Wai Wang Robert* 227
U 2 Lian Shaodong 162

 

Functional constituency: Sports, performing arts, culture and publication
No. Candidates No. of votes obtained
V 1 Fok Kai Kong Kenneth* 193
V 2 Lo Kwong Ping 34

 

Functional constituency: Import and export
No. Candidates No. of votes obtained
W 1 Chung Ki Fung* 137
W 2 Lee Shuk Woon Sophia 108

 

Functional constituency: Textiles and garment
No. Candidates No. of votes obtained
X 1 Tan Sunny* 202
X 2 Shiu King Wah 29

 

Functional constituency: Wholesale and retail
No. Candidates No. of votes obtained
Y 1 Tse Annie Yau 149
Y 2 Shiu Ka Fai* 827

 

Functional constituency: Technology and innovation
No. Candidates No. of votes obtained
Z 1 Mak Hin Yu 6
Z 2 Chiu Duncan* 65

 

Functional constituency: Catering
No. Candidates No. of votes obtained
CA 1 Kong Chi Hang Maurice 22
CA 2 Leung Chun (Jonathan)* 101

 

Functional constituency: Hong Kong Special Administrative Region deputies to the National People’s Congress, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region members of the National Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference and representatives of relevant national organisations
No. Candidates No. of votes obtained
ZN 1 Lai Tat Shing (Rex) 121
ZN 2 Chan Yung* 414

 

Election Committee constituency
No. Candidates No. of votes obtained
1 Yiu Pak Leung* 1,397
2 Lee Ka Kui (Elvin Lee)* 1,193
3 Man Wing Yee Ginny* 1,308
4 Ng Yuen Ting Yolanda 970
5 Ng Kit Chong* 1,331
6 Ng Wun Kit* 1,164
7 Lau Chi Pang* 1,275
8 Tang Ming Sum Michelle* 1,073
9 Lau Ka Keung* 1,231
10 Fan Hoi Kit* 1,034
11 So Shiu Tsung Thomas* 1,076
12 Hung Kam In* 1,042
13 Orr Ka Yeung Kevin 813
14 Ho Chun Yin Steven* 1,267
15 Koon Ho Ming Peter Douglas* 1,233
16 Wu Yingpeng* 1,002
17 Chiu Kwok Wai (Anthony) 887
18 Kwok Chi Wah Andrew 947
19 Wong Kam Fai William* 1,329
20 Chan Wing Kwong* 1,269
21 Lee Chun Keung* 1,354
22 Ho Kwan Yiu (Junius)* 1,241
23 Fung Ying Lun 988
24 Lam Siu Lo Andrew* 1,189
25 Chan Han Pan (Ben)* 1,348
26 Tsang Chi Man 793
27 Lau Chun Kong 954
28 Ma Kwong Yu 934
29 Ho King Hong Adrian Pedro* 1,210
30 Ngai Ming Tak* 1,345
31 Chen Shaobo 937
32 Fan Chun Wah Andrew* 1,155
33 Chan Chung Yee Alan* 1,066
34 Chan Hoi Yan* 1,386
35 Leung Tsz Wing Dennis* 1,089
36 Quat Elizabeth (EQ)* 1,321
37 Chu Lap Wai* 1,144
38 Chan Siu Hung* 1,273
39 Lam Lam Nixie* 1,160
40 Tang Wing Chun 954
41 Chuang Ka Pun Albert* 1,194
42 Lee Hoey Simon* 1,360
43 Lam Chun Sing* 1,311
44 Wong Kwok Kingsley* 1,187
45 Wong Kam Leung* 1,201
46 Kan Wai Mun Carmen* 1,268
47 Leung Mei Fun (Priscilla)* 1,316
48 Chan Man Ki Maggie* 1,311
49 Chan Cho Kwong* 1,067
50 Chen Chung Nin Rock* 1,343

* elected

Legislative Council General Election results: Architectural, surveying, planning and landscape

Source: Hong Kong Government special administrative region – 4

     The results of the 2025 Legislative Council General Election are:

Functional constituency: Architectural, surveying, planning and landscape
———————————————————————————-
 

No. Candidates No. of votes obtained
G 1 Lau Man Kwan Julia* 2,157
G 2 Lam Ka Fai Francis 2,040

* elected

HA to maintain carpark charges at existing levels for one year

Source: Hong Kong Government special administrative region – 4

The following is issued on behalf of the Hong Kong Housing Authority:
 
     The Commercial Properties Committee (CPC) of the Hong Kong Housing Authority (HA) today (December 8) approved to maintain the existing carpark charges and electric vehicle charging fees for one year from January 1, 2026, to December 31, 2026.

     The HA’s carpark charges are fixed at the market level, subject to an annual review with the approved charges taking effect from January 1 of the following year. “Market surveys conducted by the HA indicate that in the past year, the HA’s current carpark charges for all types of parking spaces are generally within the range of private comparable carparks at the market level,” a spokesman for the HA said.
 
     After balancing various market factors, the CPC endorsed to maintain the existing monthly and hourly carpark charges (including Day Pass and 24-hour Pass charges for private car parking spaces) for all types of vehicles for one year.