LCQ20: Supporting in-service employees’ technological transformation

Source: Hong Kong Government special administrative region – 4

Following is a question by the Hon Lee Kwong-yu and a written reply by the Acting Secretary for Innovation, Technology and Industry, Ms Lillian Cheong, in the Legislative Council today (March 18):

Question:

     In the 2026-2027 Budget, the Government announced that it would launch the $10 billion Innovation and Technology Industry-Oriented Fund within this year, and at the same time put forward the goal of “AI training for all”. There are views that in addition to hardware upgrades and software development, enterprise change management (i.e. cultivating the mindset and skills among in-service employees to accept, learn and apply the relevant emerging technologies) is also key to driving the successful digital transformation of employees, but many small and medium enterprises have limited resources and budgets, making it difficult to promote technological training for employees. In this connection, will the Government inform this Council:

(1) whether it currently provides any relevant funding schemes targeted at the “technological transformation” of general employees to support them in undergoing digital upskilling training during the period of technological transformation; if so, of the details; if not, whether it will formulate such schemes in the future; and

(2) whether it will consider including an express clause in the funding schemes related to technological transformation that requires enterprises applying for funding to set aside a certain proportion of funding specifically for upgrading the skills of in-service employees, so as to ensure that training resources can seamlessly meet the needs of actual posts; if so, whether the Government will consider developing monitoring standards (such as the number of employees receiving training and the hours of relevant training courses completed by such employees) in the future to monitor the compliance of the relevant enterprises with the clause; if not, whether the Government has formulated other measures to ensure that when using public funds to take forward technological transformation, enterprises can utilise the relevant funding to provide training and support to employees?

Reply:

President,

     The National 15th Five-Year Plan emphasises promoting the full integration between technological innovation and industrial innovation, developing new quality productive forces, and building a modern industrial system. Innovation and technology (I&T) is the key engine for accelerating high-quality economic development in the future of Hong Kong, and Hong Kong is formulating strategies that suit the local conditions and its own development needs. While supporting the development of industries with strategic significance and in which we enjoy clear advantages, the Government has been assisting local enterprises in their technological transformation through various funding schemes and initiatives, as well as supporting employees in undergoing digital and other I&T upskilling training, thereby generating new quality productive forces to contribute to Hong Kong’s economy.

     Having consulted the Labour and Welfare Bureau (LWB), my consolidated reply to the question raised by the Hon Lee Kwong-yu is as follows:

     The Innovation, Technology and Industry Bureau has launched a series of supportive programs through its relevant organisations and platforms to assist local enterprises in leveraging technology to upgrade and transform. With regard to funding schemes, the “Digital Transformation Support Pilot Programme” assists small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in adopting off-the-shelf digital solutions to accelerate their digital transformation through providing subsidies on a matching basis. The Government will enhance the Programme by incorporating artificial intelligence (AI) and cybersecurity solutions to further encourage SMEs (including their employees) to adopt the latest technologies and enhance their competitiveness. The Government is currently examining ways to enhance the Programme, with a view to launching it in the second half of this year following consultation with the Legislative Council.

     For the New Industrialisation Acceleration Scheme and New Industrialisation Funding Scheme under the Innovation and Technology Fund, the two schemes will support manufacturers in setting up new smart production lines, and also provide funding to such enterprises for training their employees on operating the relevant smart production lines. The New Industrialisation and Technology Training Programme subsidises local enterprises on a 1 (Government): 1 (enterprise) matching basis to train their staff in advanced technologies, especially those related to new industrialisation.

     Regarding the aforementioned schemes, the focus of transformation and employee training arrangements of different enterprises may vary depending on factors such as industry, scale, and actual operational circumstances, and could not be generalised. Currently, the Government has no plan to include an express clause requiring applicants to set aside a certain proportion of funding specifically for the training of in-service employees. All approved funding must be used appropriately in accordance with the relevant program guidelines and approval conditions.

     Besides, the Hong Kong Productivity Council (HKPC) assists enterprises in developing and implementing technical solutions across various technology fields based on their pain points and needs, thereby supporting their digital transformation. On supporting technological transformation for employees, the HKPC is committed to providing various upskilling training courses to employees of enterprises undergoing digital transformation, equipping them with knowledge in different technology areas. The courses focus on “FutureSkills”, covering AI, cybersecurity, robotics, drones and various soft skills. The HKPC also introduced a free one-stop digital transformation solutions platform “Digital DIY Portal” and the “InnoPreneur Network” platform, bringing together digital transformation solutions, digital and innovation information and successful cases of digital transformation in industries, in order to assist local SMEs in embarking on digital transformation. Moreover, through the adoption of big data consultancy, service robots, Internet of Things, smart operation and system integration, etc, the HKPC assists SMEs in streamlining work processes, minimising labour-intensive processes and enhancing operational efficiency; it also organises online forums to help enterprises adapt to new modes of business operation through digital technologies and online business, and explore new clientele despite geographic constraints.

     Meanwhile, the LWB stated that, Hong Kong residents aged 18 or above are eligible to claim for subsidy under the Continuing Education Fund (CEF) up to a ceiling of $25,000 upon successful completion of a CEF reimbursable course (CEF course). At present, CEF courses cover different subjects, including I&T. As at end-January 2026, over 420 CEF courses are related to such I&T areas as AI, big data analytics and smart cities, assisting learners in acquiring relevant emerging skills. The Government will continue to encourage course providers to design and offer new courses and apply for registration under the CEF to meet market development and needs.

     In addition, employees can receive training related to I&T through various channels. For example, the Employees Retraining Board (ERB) also provides training courses across different areas, including I&T, to assist the local workforce to continuously enhance their skills and competitiveness. Eligible persons can apply for course fee waiver or reduction. The ERB will continue to strengthen relevant services after being upgraded as Upskill Hong Kong.

LCQ21: Promoting cross-boundary carbon trading and settlement

Source: Hong Kong Government special administrative region

LCQ21: Promoting cross-boundary carbon trading and settlement 
Question:
 
     In December 2025, the Central Economic Work Conference included “following the dual-carbon goals and driving a comprehensive green transition” in the eight key tasks to be pursued for the economic work in 2026. The carbon market is an important tool that utilises market mechanisms to address climate change and promote green and low-carbon development, and the international carbon trading platform Core Climate launched by the Hong Kong Exchanges and Clearing Limited (HKEX) in 2022 (Core Climate) is the world’s only carbon marketplace offering settlement in both Hong Kong dollars and Renminbi for international voluntary carbon credits at present. In this connection, will the Government inform this Council:
 
(1) whether it knows the respective annual numbers of transactions, transaction volume and transaction value of the Core Climate platform since its establishment;
 
(2) whether the Government will discuss with HKEX the introduction of blockchain technology to the listing and trading processes of carbon credits on the Core Climate platform, so as to leverage blockchain technology’s characteristics of immutability, traceability, transparency and security to avoid double counting and reduce transaction costs;
 
(3) in addition to introducing international carbon credits to the Core Climate platform, whether the Government will support HKEX in developing local “carbon avoidance” (e.g. energy efficiency enhancement and the use of alternative clean energy) and “carbon removal” (e.g. direct air carbon capture) projects to generate more local carbon credits and enrich buyers’ choices; if so, of the details; if not, the reasons for that;
 
(4) whether the Government will motivate HKEX to establish mutual access and assurance standard alignment mechanisms between the Core Climate platform and the “National Voluntary Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction Trading Market” to enhance the liquidity of the Core Climate platform, promote cross-boundary carbon trading and settlement, and facilitate the internationalisation of the Mainland carbon market; if so, of the details; if not, the reasons for that; and
 
(5) given that HKEX signed a Memorandum of Understanding with Guangzhou Emissions Exchange, Shenzhen Green Exchange and Macao International Carbon Emission Exchange in September 2025, whether the Government will, under this co-operation framework, expeditiously explore with HKEX the joint establishment of a unified carbon trading platform in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA), and formulate comprehensive and unified assurance standards and pricing, trading and assurance rules to enhance the overall liquidity and influence of the GBA carbon market; if so, of the progress; if not, the reasons for that?
 
Reply:
 
President,
 
     The National 15th Five-Year Plan outlines the acceleration of comprehensive green transformation and the orderly advancement of innovation in carbon finance products and derivatives. The Hong Kong Exchanges and Clearing Limited (HKEX) launched an international carbon marketplace Core Climate in October 2022, offering dual-currency settlement services in Hong Kong dollars and Renminbi for the trading of international voluntary carbon credits. It aims to establish Hong Kong as an international carbon market to connect opportunities across the Mainland, Asia, and the rest of the world, with a view to enhancing green development momentum and assisting in promoting global net-zero transition.
 
     In consultation with the HKEX and the Hong Kong Monetary Authority (HKMA), my reply to the five parts of the question is as follows:
 
(1) As of March 2026, Core Climate’s cumulative carbon credit transaction volume has exceeded 1 million tonnes, with over 130 registered participants. Since the carbon projects and carbon credits traded and settled through Core Climate are diverse in nature and have a very wide price range, with sensitive commercial information involved, relevant nominal volumes or information of the transactions cannot be disclosed. However, it can be noted that Core Climate participants include large corporations. For example, Cathay Pacific settled 50 000 tonnes of voluntary carbon credits through Core Climate in December 2024, demonstrating Core Climate’s ability in assisting companies to achieve their sustainability goals.
 
(2) Actively exploring the application of financial technology is a crucial part of promoting the innovative development of carbon credit products. To this end, in 2025, the HKMA and the HKEX successfully completed the testing of a tokenised carbon credit transaction use case under Project Ensemble, with a view to leveraging emerging technologies such as blockchain to facilitate cross-boundary transactions and improve the transparency and efficiency of carbon credit traceability. The HKMA and the HKEX will publish a report on the testing results in due course, summarising the findings and hoping to provide valuable experience and solid foundation for future financial innovation products for promoting low-carbon economy.
 
(3) Since its launch in 2022, Core Climate has continuously expanded its product range. By the end of 2025, the number of carbon reduction projects on the platform had increased to over 60, including forestry, solar, wind, and biomass projects in Asia, South America, and Africa. In addition to Verified Carbon Standard (VCS) from Verra, the HKEX incorporated Gold Standard Verified Emission Reductions (GS-VER) into Core Climate in August 2024, further diversifying the scope of tradable climate projects. The HKEX will continue to actively expand relevant products and services to support decarbonisation locally, regionally, and internationally.
 
(4) and (5) Our country is striving to build a more effective, dynamic, and internationally influential national carbon market to promote green and low-carbon transformation and help achieve the goals of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality. To this end, the Hong Kong SAR (Special Administrative Region) Government is actively working with relevant Mainland regulatory authorities and institutions to explore assisting our country’s participation in the international carbon market, including the formulation of voluntary carbon credit standards and methods, as well as the registration, trading, and settlement of carbon emission reductions. Leveraging Hong Kong’s advantages of enjoying our nation’s strong support and being closely connected to the world, the Government aims to serve our country’s dual-carbon strategy and help build a carbon market which is well integrated with the international market.
 
     Besides, the HKEX signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) in September 2025 with the Guangzhou Emissions Exchange, Shenzhen Green Exchange and Macao International Carbon Emission Exchange to work together in promoting the development of the carbon markets and green finance ecosystem across the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA). Under the MOU, the four exchanges will explore new co-operation opportunities in carbon market and green finance, and facilitate experience exchange and knowledge sharing in order to enhance the professional capabilities of relevant institutions and personnel in carbon market operations and green finance, and promote in-depth development of the regional carbon market. Currently, the HKEX is working closely with carbon exchanges in the GBA to actively explore the testing of cross-boundary carbon trade settlement, with a view to completing the pilot and summarising experience within 2026 to provide reference for our country’s future cross-boundary carbon trading.
Issued at HKT 12:35

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LCQ2: Supporting sustainable development of securities industry

Source: Hong Kong Government special administrative region

LCQ2: Supporting sustainable development of securities industry 
Question:
 
     There are views that with the securities industry (especially small and medium securities dealers) facing the pressure of persistently increasing compliance and operating costs in recent years, the Government should introduce targeted support policies to assist small and medium securities dealers in adapting to and meeting new requirements, as well as enhancing their competitiveness. In this connection, will the Government inform this Council:
 
(1) to assist the securities industry in smoothly implementing the uncertificated securities market regime to be launched within this year, whether the Government will consider introducing funding schemes for securities dealers (especially small and medium securities dealers), so as to support the upgrading of the overall industry; if not, of the means by which the Government will assist securities dealers in catering for the relevant requirements of the regime;
 
(2) it is learnt that over the past years, securities dealers have incurred additional operating costs due to their custody of large quantities of delisted company stocks, how the authorities will assist such securities dealers in handling the issue of custody of delisted company stocks; and
 
(3) whether it will explore the setting up of a dedicated fund to provide funding support for the system upgrades undertaken by the securities industry to meet the new requirements, thereby mitigating their compliance costs; if not, of the reasons for that?
 
Reply:
 
President,
 
     With Hong Kong being an international financial centre, the Government has all along been driving the Securities and Futures Commission (SFC) and the Hong Kong Exchanges and Clearing Limited (HKEX) to leverage the unique advantages under “one country, two systems” to pursue reforms in different aspects of the securities market, introducing various enhancements to the listing regime and promoting high-quality development of the market.
 
     Driven by a series of reforms, Hong Kong’s primary market welcomed 119 newly listed companies in 2025, with initial public offering funds raised exceeding HK$286.9 billion, ranking first globally. In the first two months of this year, 24 companies were newly listed, more than doubling the number in the same period last year. The average daily turnover in 2025 was HK$249.8 billion, representing a 90 per cent increase over 2024. In the first two months of this year, the average daily turnover was HK$260.9 billion, up 17 per cent year-on-year. While the stock market is buoyant, we must not rest on our laurels. We must continue to seek breakthroughs to enhance the efficiency and competitiveness of Hong Kong’s securities market.
 
     In consultation with the SFC and the HKEX, my reply to the three parts of the question is as follows:
 
(1) The uncertificated securities market (USM) regime seeks to dispense with the need to use paper documents to evidence and transfer legal title to securities. By reducing reliance on paper and manual processes, it will facilitate straight‑through processing and strengthen the efficiency and competitiveness of Hong Kong’s securities market. Under the USM regime, the existing nominee structure in the Central Clearing and Settlement System will be retained. This will preserve investors’ choice of holding securities through brokers, maintain the current role of brokers, and reduce the impact on their existing operating models.
 
     Following multiple rounds of extensive public consultation, the Legislative Council passed in 2021 the Securities and Futures and Companies Legislation (Amendment) Ordinance 2021, which sets out the principal legal framework for the regime. Six pieces of subsidiary legislation providing for the detailed arrangements of the regime were also made in 2025 under the negative vetting procedure of the Legislative Council. In the 2026-27 Budget, the Financial Secretary indicated that the Government, together with the SFC and the HKEX, will work with the industry to implement the regime within the year.
 
     The SFC and the HKEX have been maintaining close communication with the industry on the implementation of the USM regime. A number of measures are already in place to assist stakeholders, including brokers, in making a smooth transition. These include:
 
(i) The USM adopts a phased implementation strategy, under which prescribed securities will gradually become participating securities by batches within five years from the commencement date. This will ensure market readiness, steady inclusion, and uninterrupted daily operations.
 
(ii) As the existing nominee structure will be retained, many current processes will remain unchanged, with manual and paper‑based procedures progressively replaced by electronic processes. From the brokers’ perspective, the main changes will be the process in the deposit and withdrawal of securities. These will be achieved through the HKEX’s system enhancements, while the system changes required of brokers will be relatively limited, facilitating a smoother transition to the USM regime by the industry.
 
(iii) The SFC and the HKEX have been working closely to provide brokers with sufficient information and technical support. The HKEX published information papers in 2024 and 2025 setting out detailed technical guidance for market participants including brokers, and organised three briefing sessions to familiarise brokers with the relevant processes and facilitate their preparations together with eight seminars and continuing training courses held by market stakeholders. The HKEX will continue to provide updated information and organise briefing sessions, and will also arrange market rehearsals to enable market participants to familiarise themselves with the operation of the upgraded infrastructure and operational procedures.
 
(iv) To help the market better understand and adapt to the new regime, the SFC and the industry will jointly conduct investor education, including further enhancements to the dedicated website providing one-stop information and a series of frequently asked questions. Publicity efforts on different fronts will be strengthened including through videos and briefing sessions to help investors understand the operation of the new mechanism and the steps for participation, thereby raising investor awareness and reducing brokers’ workload.
 
     As certain existing fees will no longer be applicable under the USM regime, the HKEX will adjust its fee structure to make it simpler, more direct and predictable, and more aligned with the fee models of other major markets. This will ensure that market’s operating costs are commensurate with digitalised operations and support sustainable market development. After extensive consultation with the industry, the HKEX has made multiple adjustments to the fees to minimise the financial burden on small brokers, including (i) raising the threshold for the lowest membership fee rate tier to cover more small brokers; (ii) lowering the membership fee rate for relevant brokers; (iii) granting a one-year waiver of membership fee for small brokers; and (iv) adjusting the stock custody fee rate. According to the HKEX’s assessment, about 88 per cent of small brokers (i.e. Category C brokers) will pay lower relevant fees in the first year of USM implementation compared with before. From the second year onwards, about 65 per cent of small brokers will continue to pay lower fees.
 
(2) The Government is aware that brokers may incur costs in relation to the custody of shares of delisted companies. The 2026-27 Budget has indicated that the Government will continue to explore with the market the provision of an over-the-counter (OTC) trading platform for delisted stocks or those requiring special handling. The SFC and the HKEX have previously conducted preliminary consultation with market participants, and heard diverse views from the market. On the one hand, some consider that an OTC trading platform would provide shareholders of delisted companies with an exit opportunity, and that retail investors should be allowed to participate with market makers introduced to address liquidity concerns. On the other hand, some believe that if the platform only allows shareholders of delisted companies to sell their shares, the volume would be insufficient to sustain an OTC market. In addition, the fundamental conditions of relevant companies may lack transparency and make comprehensive assessment difficult, so retail investors may bear higher risks while the attractiveness to institutional investors would be limited. Whether the platform can provide brokers with a channel to dispose of such shares therefore remains uncertain. The HKEX will continue to consolidate views from different stakeholders and announce specific arrangements in due course, followed by further market consultation.
 
(3) With the buoyant stock market, we are pleased to see an increase in brokers’ revenue. According to the latest Financial Review of the Securities Industry published by the SFC, Hong Kong’s securities industry maintained steady growth in the first half of 2025, with net profit rising by 14 per cent to HK$28.9 billion compared with the preceding six months, driven by increasing trading volume. Notably, the aggregate net profit of exchange participants totalled HK$15.6 billion, up 34 per cent compared with the preceding six months, while Category C brokers’ net profit doubled to HK$2.5 billion. Trading volume continued to grow in the second half of 2025 and the first two months of this year, and we expect that brokers’ revenues and profits may continue to rise. The Government will continue to monitor brokers’ operating conditions and maintain close communication with the industry.
 
     The Government understands that whenever new measures are introduced, the industry may have certain concerns, as was the case with the trading arrangements under severe weather implemented in 2024. Experience has shown that with comprehensive and candid communication, concerted efforts, and thorough preparation, we can successfully implement the USM regime together, thereby enhancing the overall efficiency and competitiveness of Hong Kong’s securities market and benefiting the development of the securities industry.
 
     Thank you, President.
Issued at HKT 12:30

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LCQ10: Training programmes offered by Civil Service College

Source: Hong Kong Government special administrative region

     Following is a question by the Hon Hung Kam-in and a written reply by the Secretary for the Civil Service, Mrs Ingrid Yeung, in the Legislative Council today (March 18): 

Question:• focuses on broadening participants’ international perspectives, holistic views about our country and strategic thinking to help them support the national development strategies and the development needs of Hong Kong when formulating policies;
 
(b) Leadership In Action Programme for senior officers at Master Pay Scale Points 45-49 (3 weeks)
• focuses on strengthening participants’ capabilities in leadership and strategy execution, and their ability to think from multiple perspectives for effective formulation and implementation of public policies;• focuses on enhancing participants’ capabilities of promoting service innovation and keeping frontline officers abreast of the times for delivery of people-oriented services; and• focuses on enhancing participants’ capabilities in team management and collaboration, and fostering the “one government” mindset in the provision of services.

LCQ18: Review of the bus-only lane arrangement on Tuen Mun Road

Source: Hong Kong Government special administrative region

LCQ18: Review of the bus-only lane arrangement on Tuen Mun Road 
Question:
 
     The Transport Department’s arrangement of designating a bus-only lane (BOL) on Tuen Mun Road (TMR) between So Kwun Wat and Sham Tseng Interchange (TMRBOL) has been in place for over 30 years. Some members of the public have relayed that, following the commissioning of the Tuen Mun-Chek Lap Kok Tunnel in December 2020 and the Government’s takeover of the Tai Lam Tunnel in May 2025, the authorities should review the overall traffic conditions on TMR and make adjustments accordingly. In this connection, will the Government inform this Council:
 
(1) given that in its reply to a question raised by a Member of this Council on June 4, 2025, the Government indicated that in light of changes in traffic flow and bus operation of TMR after the implementation of new toll plans at the Tai Lam Tunnel, the Transport Department would review the arrangement of TMRBOL in a timely manner, of the current progress of the review (e.g. whether the length and operating hours of the BOL will be shortened), and whether it has plans to conduct a comprehensive review of the overall traffic conditions on TMR; if so, of the specific plans; if not, the reasons for that;
 
(2) as the current design of TMRBOL is inconsistent with those in other districts in Hong Kong (e.g. on major roads such as Nathan Road and Hennessy Road) (generally speaking, where a road exit is located outside a BOL, continuous broken lines or arrow markings are usually provided before the exit to facilitate safe lane changes by vehicles), whether the authorities will review the design of the roads associated with TMRBOL and add continuous broken lines or arrow markings to accommodate the needs of drivers heading to Siu Lam and Sham Tseng; if so, of the specific plans; if not, the reasons for that; and
 
(3) as some members of the public have relayed that the authorities’ arrangement of BOLs in various locations across the territory has caused impacts on other lanes of the same road sections and adjoining roads, leading to traffic congestion or tailbacks, whether the authorities will conduct a study on the impact of BOLs in various districts on traffic and adjust the arrangement of BOLs across the territory in light of the actual circumstances; if so, of the specific plans; if not, the reasons for that?
 
Reply:
 
President,
       
     Under the policy of giving priority to public transportation, the Transport Department (TD) has implemented Bus-only Lanes (BOLs) to give buses with high carrying capacity priority in road usage. This helps reduce delays caused by traffic congestion and encourages the public to choose convenient public transportation for travel. BOLs (including bus lanes and designated bus gates), as mentioned in the question, are traffic lanes designated for use only by “franchised buses” or by both “franchised and non-franchised buses” during prescribed times. My response to the question raised by Professor the Hon Lau Chi-pang is as follows:
 
(1) Following the Government’s takeover of the Tai Lam Tunnel on May 31, 2025, and the subsequent reduction in tolls, traffic flow through the tunnel has increased. According to preliminary data, and in line with the Government’s expectations, traffic flow on the relevant section of Tuen Mun Road has decreased during weekday peak hours. However, it still exceeds road capacity, resulting in congestion. To balance the needs of different road users and ensure smooth public transport services, the TD considers it necessary to maintain the existing BOL arrangement. Specifically, the left lane of Tuen Mun Road (towards Kowloon), between Harrow International School Hong Kong and the Sham Tseng Interchange, will remain designated as a BOL from 7.30am to 9am (excluding public holidays).
 
(2) The current BOL arrangements help maintain stable travel times and service levels for franchised buses, thereby encouraging more members of the public to use bus services. This, in turn, reduces the use of Tuen Mun Road by other vehicles with lower passenger capacity and helps alleviate heavy traffic congestion on the road.
 
     Outside the designated BOL operating hours, vehicles traveling along Tuen Mun Road towards Kowloon may use the BOL (leftmost lane) and access Castle Peak Road – Tai Lam Section and Sham Tseng Section via Exits 22 and 23, respectively, in accordance with the guidance provided on directional signs and the deceleration lanes before the exits, depending on travel needs. If the morning peak BOL arrangement is cancelled, the operational efficiency of bus services may be affected, and other drivers may be drawn to use Tuen Mun Road during the morning peak, which would further exacerbate congestion. To remind motorists of the BOL arrangements, appropriate road signs have been installed along the road.
 
     As for other BOL locations, such as Nathan Road and Hennessy Road, these junctions are generally more densely concentrated. Taking into account the travel needs of other vehicles and the availability of alternative routes, the length of BOL setups on these roads is typically shorter. Continuous dotted lines or arrow markings are provided at appropriate locations to allow other vehicles to safely merge at relevant junctions, turn into side streets, or access nearby buildings, thereby supporting the operational needs of the road network.
 
(3) The current BOL arrangements across Hong Kong have been designed with careful consideration of actual road and traffic conditions, including road and junction design, the number of traffic lanes, the number and frequency of bus routes, traffic volumes of other vehicles, the availability of alternative routes, and the impact on vehicle movement. The TD will continue to closely monitor the operation of BOLs in all districts, as well as prevailing road and traffic conditions, and will optimise the arrangements as necessary. This ensures an appropriate balance under the policy of giving priority to public transportation, thereby supporting the smooth operation of the transport network.
Issued at HKT 12:15

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LCQ11: Attracting companies located outside Hong Kong to establish operations in Hong Kong

Source: Hong Kong Government special administrative region

LCQ11: Attracting companies located outside Hong Kong to establish operations in Hong Kong 
Question:
 
     According to the 2025 Annual Survey of Companies in Hong Kong with Parent Companies Located outside Hong Kong announced by the Government in January this year, the total number of companies in Hong Kong with parent companies located outside Hong Kong (the Companies) reached 11 070 in 2025, representing an annual increase of 11 per cent, while the number of people employed reached 509 000, recording an annual increase of 3 per cent. In this connection, will the Government inform this Council:
 
(1) as the numbers of the Companies are concentrated in the three traditional pillar industries of the import/export trade, wholesale and retail sector, the financial and banking sector, and the professional, business and education service sector (accounting for approximately 83.5 per cent of the total), how will the Government encourage more companies located outside Hong Kong engaged in emerging industries (such as the innovation and technology industries) to establish operations in Hong Kong, thereby optimising Hong Kong’s current industrial structure;
 
(2) among the Companies, those from the Chinese Mainland account for the largest proportion, followed by companies from the United States and Japan (together accounting for approximately 55.9 per cent of the total), how will the Government attract and encourage more companies located outside Hong Kong from emerging markets (particularly the Middle East and Association of Southeast Asian Nations countries) to establish operations in Hong Kong;
 
(3) as the number of people employed by the Companies has only increased by 3 per cent year on year, how will the Government encourage these companies to hire more local staff; and
 
(4) according to the World Investment Report 2025 published by the United Nations Trade and Development, Hong Kong rose to third globally in terms of foreign direct investment in 2024, of the specific measures to be implemented by the Government in the coming year to maintain Hong Kong’s competitive edge?
 
Reply:
 
President,
 
     The current-term Government is committed to attracting investment and attracting companies outside Hong Kong to establish a presence in Hong Kong. According to the latest “Report on Annual Survey of Companies in Hong Kong with Parent Companies Located outside Hong Kong” conducted by Invest Hong Kong (InvestHK) and the Census and Statistics Department, there were a record high of 11 070 Hong Kong-based companies from the Chinese Mainland and overseas in 2025, representing a year-on-year increase of 11 per cent. The number of people employed reached 509 000, representing a year-on-year increase of 3 per cent. The results of the surveys fully display international business community’s confidence in the business environment of Hong Kong.
 
     In response to the Hon Jonathan Stuart Lamport’s question, my reply is as follows:
 
(1) As an investment promotion agency of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Government, InvestHK has been proactively attracting and assisting overseas and Chinese Mainland enterprises to set up or expand their businesses in Hong Kong. In 2025, InvestHK assisted 560 overseas and Chinese Mainland enterprises in setting up or expanding their businesses in Hong Kong, setting a new record high and representing a year-on-year increase of over 4 per cent. The top five sectors of these enterprises are financial services and fintech (117 companies), innovation and technology (115 companies), family offices (80 companies), tourism and hospitality (65 companies), and consumer products (54 companies). It is expected that these enterprises will create more than 10 700 jobs and bring in direct investment of around $69.4 billion in total within the first year of their establishment or expansion. This demonstrates that, in addition to traditional sectors, InvestHK has successfully attracted many enterprises from emerging sectors such as fintech, innovation and technology, and family offices to Hong Kong in recent years.
 
(2) InvestHK has been leveraging its global investment network, including 17 Dedicated Teams for Attracting Businesses And Talents (Dedicated Teams) in the Mainland Offices and overseas Hong Kong Economic and Trade Offices (ETOs), as well as 17 overseas consultant offices, to proactively explore different emerging markets for attracting businesses and investments. Specifically, to expand the markets of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) and the Middle East, InvestHK has established Dedicated Teams under four ETOs in Jakarta, Bangkok, Singapore and Dubai respectively. A Dedicated Team under the Kuala Lumpur ETO newly established last December is also expected to be set up in the first half of this year to further deepen co-operation in the ASEAN region. In addition, InvestHK set up consultant offices in Cairo, capital of Egypt and Izmir, Türkiye’s third-largest city in 2024-25, with a view to attracting capital and enterprises from high-potential emerging countries in the Middle East and North Africa. These are the third and fourth consultant offices set up by the current-term Government since taking office, following those in Nairobi, Kenya, and Almaty, Kazakhstan. Other consultant offices in emerging markets include Istanbul, Türkiye; Lima, Peru; Santiago, Chile; Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Mexico City, Mexico; and Mumbai, India. Through the aforesaid global investment network, InvestHK visits various emerging markets (such as ASEAN, Africa, Central Asia, Eastern Europe, South Asia and South America) to meet with different enterprises and investment institutions, and to organise and sponsor a series of investment promotional activities to attract local businesses to Hong Kong.
 
(3) In addition to proactively attracting new enterprises to Hong Kong, InvestHK also places great importance on providing aftercare support services to enterprises assisted by the department and other non-local enterprises (such as assisting in their expansion of new business types, upgrading their Hong Kong offices to function as regional headquarters, setting up physical offices or stores, listing or establishing corporate treasury centres, expanding their overseas business bases, etc.). InvestHK also assists the enterprises to explore and evaluate new growth areas and opportunities ahead and supports them to expand their operations in Hong Kong, thereby creating more local job opportunities.
 
(4) According to the World Investment Report 2025 published by the United Nations Trade and Development, Hong Kong rose to third place globally in terms of foreign direct investment inflows in 2024, confirming Hong Kong’s status as a world-renowned international business and investment hub. The 2025 Policy Address announced several policy initiatives to further strengthen the investment promotion work, including strengthening the support for Chinese Mainland enterprises to go global through Hong Kong. The Commerce and Economic Development Bureau has set up a cross-bureau, cross-departmental and cross-agency Task Force on Supporting Mainland Enterprises in Going Global (GoGlobal Task Force) by mobilising Hong Kong offices abroad, including those under InvestHK and the Hong Kong Trade and Development Council as well as the Hong Kong offices on the Chinese Mainland. It also coordinates various bureaux, departments and agencies to proactively encourage Chinese Mainland enterprises to go global via Hong Kong and provide them with customised and comprehensive support services based on their needs. The GoGlobal Task Force will focus on attracting key or strategically valuable Chinese Mainland enterprises to set up businesses in Hong Kong. We will also follow the strategies outlined in Part (2) above to attract and encourage more overseas companies from emerging markets to expand their businesses to Hong Kong and explore the vast Chinese Mainland market, fully leveraging our role as a two-way platform between China and the world.
 
     In addition, the Financial Secretary leads the relevant policy bureaux, departments, and public organisations in formulating packages of preferential policies including land grants, land premiums, financial subsidies, and tax incentives. InvestHK provides support for the relevant policies and will proactively use the preferential policy packages to attract high value-added industries and high-potential enterprises to set up in Hong Kong, thereby promoting high-quality development and bringing economic contributions and employment opportunities to Hong Kong.
 
     Looking ahead, we will step up our efforts to attract direct investment from emerging markets and support Chinese Mainland enterprises to go global via Hong Kong, while consolidating our investment promotion efforts in traditional markets, thereby attracting more non-local companies to set up in Hong Kong.
Issued at HKT 12:05

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LCQ16: Cultivating local young legal talent

Source: Hong Kong Government special administrative region

LCQ16: Cultivating local young legal talent 
Question:
 
     There are views pointing out that the international law organisation secondment programmes and Belt and Road Visit for young international legal talent, launched jointly by the Office of the Commissioner of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and the Department of Justice, can provide a platform and build a ladder for local young legal talent to go global and broaden their international horizons. In this connection, will the Government inform this Council:
 
(1) of the number of young legal talent from Hong Kong who have been seconded to international organisations (including the Hague Conference on Private International Law, the International Institute for the Unification of Private Law, the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law, and the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank) through the secondment programmes to date;
 
(2) given that the Government has previously indicated that with the International Organization for Mediation (IOMed) establishing its headquarters in Hong Kong, this year’s secondment programmes will be extended to IOMed, whether the Government has formulated a specific roadmap and timetable in this regard; if so, of the details; if not, the reasons for that; and
 
(3) whether the Government will consider establishing a permanent mechanism whereby young legal professionals who have participated in the secondment programmes and Belt and Road Visit will regularly visit local legal service and legal education organisations upon their return to Hong Kong to share their experiences, thereby stimulating the interest of more young legal professionals in overseas secondment programmes and studying overseas law; if so, of the details; if not, the reasons for that?
 
Reply:
 
President,
 
     In response to the enquiry raised by the Hon Wu Ying-peng, the reply is as follows:
 
(1) The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR) has, with the support of the Central Government, made standing secondment arrangements with relevant international organisations. By participating in the work of these international organisations, local legal professionals (including young legal talent) could deepen their understanding of the operation of international organisations and international law. Since the establishment of the relevant arrangements, as of March 2026, a total of 27 local legal professionals from both the public and private sectors have participated in the secondment programmes to the Hague Conference on Private International Law, the International Institute for the Unification of Private Law, the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law and the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank.
 
(2) The 2026 recruitment exercise for the secondment programmes has commenced in January, with the addition of the secondment programme to the Secretariat of the International Organization for Mediation in Hong Kong. With the support of the Central Government, the Government of the HKSAR will continue to carry forward the secondment programmes steadily, taking into account the prevailing circumstances, in accordance with established procedures and the arrangements reached with the respective international organisations. The Department of Justice (DoJ) will also annually promote the secondment programmes to the legal sector, including putting the latest relevant information on its website for those interested in applying.
 
(3) The Belt and Road Visit for Hong Kong Young International Legal Talents is co-organised by the Office of the Commissioner of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People’s Republic of China in the HKSAR (OCMFA) and the Hong Kong International Legal Talents Training Academy of the DoJ. The First Edition of the Visit held last year brought together 16 young international legal talent from the law faculties of three local universities, legal professional bodies and institutions, and the DoJ, during which they visited Beijing and Kashgar in Xinjiang. The Second Edition of the Visit will take place in July this year. The tentative itinerary includes a visit to Yunnan Province in China, followed by a visit to Laos. Participants will engage in exchanges with relevant government departments, legal institutions and organisations, enterprises, and chambers of commerce, and will gain first-hand understanding of the Belt and Road landmark co-operation projects such as the China-Laos Railway.
 
     The DoJ will, based on the existing framework, explore with the OCMFA to regularise the relevant arrangements and arrange young legal talent who have participated in the Belt and Road Visit to share their experiences in local legal services institutions and legal education institutions on a regular basis after returning to Hong Kong. Subject to the available resources and operational feasibility, priority will be given to use the existing platforms and activity frameworks to strengthen the outreach and publicity, for example, by organising exchange activities such as sharing sessions and briefing sessions to motivate young legal professionals to take part in the Belt and Road Visit, deepen their understanding of the country’s overall development, broaden their international perspectives, so that they can better appreciate the significance of the Belt and Road Initiative for China and the countries along the Belt and Road. As mentioned above, the DoJ will also annually promote the secondment programmes to the legal sector to encourage more qualified legal professionals to apply.
Issued at HKT 11:59

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LCQ13: Promoting internationalisation of Hong Kong Diploma of Secondary Education Examination

Source: Hong Kong Government special administrative region

     ​     Following is a question by Professor the Hon Alex Fan and a written reply by the Secretary for Education, Dr Choi Yuk-lin, in the Legislative Council today (March 18):
      
Question:
      
     The 2025 Policy Address has explicitly stated that the Government will intensify its efforts to promote the international recognition of the Hong Kong Diploma of Secondary Education Examination (DSE) and propel Hong Kong into an international hub for post-secondary education. It has been reported that the Government is exploring with the Mainland the development of an international version of the DSE curriculum. However, there are views that although DSE’s international accreditation network has expanded to over a thousand higher education institutions worldwide, its internationalisation process remains at the stage of passively admitting non-local candidates, and there is yet an active global branding strategy and a blueprint for the systematic export of the system. In this connection, will the Government inform this Council:

(1) what specific strategies are in place to promote the internationalisation of DSE in the long run, including the design framework and assessment standards for the international version of the DSE curriculum, as well as the division of roles between the Government and the Hong Kong Examinations and Assessment Authority (HKEAA) in curriculum development and quality monitoring; whether the authorities will formulate a Blueprint for the Internationalisation of DSE covering areas such as target markets, development stages and performance indicators; if so, of the details and timetable; if not, the reasons for that;

LCQ1: Measures to support kindergartens

Source: Hong Kong Government special administrative region

     Following is a question by the Hon Tang Fei and a reply by the Secretary for Education, Dr Choi Yuk-lin, in the Legislative Council today (Mar 18):

Question: 
(3) In face of the structural decline in school-age population, the EDB has been encouraging school sponsoring bodies and KGs to plan ahead of time by considering plans for consolidating and optimising school resources. Besides, the EDB has been liaising with the sector and providing support to alleviate the impact from decline in school-age population, among others, including provision of more KG premises owned by the Government for allocation to eligible applicant bodies on a competitive basis for alleviating rental burden.

LCQ7: Financial co-operation with Middle East and Global South economies

Source: Hong Kong Government special administrative region

     Following is a question by the Hon Lau Ka-keung and a written reply by the Secretary for Financial Services and the Treasury, Mr Christopher Hui, in the Legislative Council today (March 18):
 
Question:
 
     There are views that while the recent dramatic changes in the Middle East situation have heightened geopolitical risks and brought uncertainties to international financial markets, energy prices and global supply chains, they have also presented new opportunities to Hong Kong for co-operation with Middle East economies and other Global South economies. In this connection, will the Government inform this Council:
 
(1) whether it has assessed the respective aggregate asset sizes and risk exposures of Hong Kong’s banks and major licensed financial institutions in Middle East economies and other Global South economies in each of the past three years; if it has assessed, set out the data in tabular form by jurisdiction and asset type; if not, whether it will conduct an assessment;
 
(2) whether it has compiled statistics on the values of bilateral trade (including imports and total exports) between Hong Kong and Global South economies, their year-on-year rates of change, and the proportions of Global South economies in Hong Kong’s total external trade value in each of the past three years; if it has compiled, set out the data in tabular form by jurisdiction and service type; if not, whether it will compile such statistics;
 
(3) whether it knows if the Hong Kong Monetary Authority and the Securities and Futures Commission have taken specific measures to assess and monitor the risks assumed by Hong Kong’s banks and financial institutions for their investments in the Middle East (such as requiring the relevant banks and financial institutions to undergo targeted stress tests or step up risk monitoring); if so, of the details; if not, the reasons for that;
 
(4) as there are views that geopolitical tensions may cause fluctuations in energy and commodity prices, thereby affecting inflation and business operations, whether a cross-departmental alert and response mechanism will be formulated to reduce the potential impact of such fluctuations on the economic and financial stability of Hong Kong; if it will, of the details; if not, the reasons for that;
 
(5) as there are views that the Government has actively promoted co-operation with Middle East economies and other Global South economies in the areas of finance, economy and trade in recent years, and yet the current geopolitical risks may impact the advancement of such co-operation and the exploration of new markets, how the authorities assess and manage the risks involved and provide ongoing support to Hong Kong’s financial institutions and enterprises interested in exploring those markets, thereby assisting relevant bodies in seizing development opportunities, subject to compliance with laws and regulations; and
 
(6) as there are views pointing out the pressing demands from Middle East economies and other Global South economies in areas such as Islamic finance and green sustainable finance, whether timely deployment has been made in light of the current international turmoil to further strengthen Hong Kong’s institutional advantages in such areas so as not to miss development opportunities, and, where risks are controllable, develop Hong Kong into a key hub connecting capital and projects between China and the Global South; if so, of the details; if not, the reasons for that?
 
Reply:
 
President,
 
     The tensions in the Middle East have brought volatility to global energy supply, financial markets and trade. Geopolitical uncertainties have highlighted the importance of Hong Kong as an international financial centre in providing security, stability, and certainty. With the free flow of capital, merchandise and talent into and out of Hong Kong, coupled with the stability of the Hong Kong dollar under the Linked Exchange Rate System, as well as Hong Kong’s comprehensive capital markets, robust financial infrastructure and quality professional services and talent, Hong Kong is well-positioned to play the role of a “safe haven” amidst these changes. Notably, as co-operation between Hong Kong and the Middle Eastern financial markets continues to deepen in recent years, some Middle East funds may flow into Hong Kong to avert risk. At the same time, the Government and financial regulators will closely monitor market conditions and put in place contingency plans to properly manage geopolitical risks while seizing the opportunities that arise.

     After consulting the Commerce and Economic Development Bureau, the Environment and Ecology Bureau, the Hong Kong Monetary Authority (HKMA) and the Securities and Futures Commission (SFC), our reply to the six parts of the question is as follows:
 
(1) The exposure of the local banking sector to the Middle East is very small, accounting for less than 3 per cent of the total assets of the banking industry over the past three years. Besides, the exposure of Hong Kong banks to other major Global South economies (excluding Chinese Mainland) over the past three years also accounted for only about 3 per cent of the total assets of the banking industry.
 
     The SFC has been closely monitoring the operation of the market, and has not detected any significant risks relating to the recent situation in the Middle East, nor has it identified any major issues arising from the Middle East situation in the operation or risk management of licensed corporations.
 
(2) The Government has been proactively expanding into the emerging markets in the Global South, including the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) and the Middle East, to promote the long-term economic development of Hong Kong.
 
     Taking ASEAN as an example, in 2025, ASEAN as a bloc was Hong Kong’s second largest trading partner in the world. The bilateral trade in goods between Hong Kong and ASEAN amounted to HK$1,668.5 billion (US$214.0 billion), representing 15.3 per cent of Hong Kong’s global merchandise trade and registering an average annual growth rate of 7.6 per cent in the past five years.
 
     In 2025, the Middle East as a bloc was our 10th largest trading partner in the world. The bilateral trade in goods between Hong Kong and the Middle East amounted to HK$192.8 billion (US$24.7 billion), representing 1.8 per cent of Hong Kong’s global merchandise trade and registering an average annual growth rate of 5.8 per cent in the past five years.
 
     Hong Kong and the emerging markets in the Global South have significant room for trade and economic development. Hong Kong is committed to giving full play of our role as the functional platform for the Belt and Road Initiative, and stepping up efforts to deepen co-operation with the Global South markets.
 
(3) In view of the escalation of the situation in the Middle East and geopolitical risks, the HKMA has stepped up its monitoring of market conditions, including conducting stress tests, and maintaining close communication with banks. Banks have also enhanced their risk monitoring and management, and have been formulating appropriate contingency measures for different risk scenarios. Overall, as pointed out in part (1) of the reply, the exposure of Hong Kong banks to the Middle East is very small. The Hong Kong banking sector remains stable, with ample capital and liquidity levels that are well above international standards. The HKMA will closely monitor the developments and continue to guide Hong Kong banks in adopting prudent risk management measures to properly manage the risks arising from financial market volatility and external uncertainties. On the monetary front, Hong Kong’s foreign exchange reserves are substantial, exceeding US$430 billion, which is about 1.7 times the size of the Hong Kong monetary base, ensuring the smooth functioning of the Linked Exchange Rate System at all times. Hong Kong’s money market continues to operate in an orderly manner, and the Hong Kong dollar exchange rate has been maintained within the convertibility zone of 7.75 to 7.85 against the US dollar.
 
     The SFC has also been closely monitoring the operation of the local stock market, exchanges and the over-the-counter derivatives market. The SFC conducts regular stress tests based on the financial information reported by brokers to assess their financial resilience. During periods of relative market volatility, the SFC also pays particular attention by inquiring with major investment banks and hedge funds about their short positions in heavyweight stocks, as well as seeking to understand the trading strategies, overall positions and risk management measures of market participants. The SFC has not detected any significant risks relating to the recent situation in the Middle East.
 
     The Government and financial regulators will continue to closely monitor market changes to maintain the stability of Hong Kong’s monetary and financial markets.
 
(4) In response to the recent developments, the Government has strengthened communication with the two power companies and major energy companies, closely monitoring the inventory levels and supply status of major fuels. The Government has in place a mechanism that sets minimum stockpile requirements for major fuels and contingency plans to deal with potential supply tightness. The Government will remain vigilant, closely monitoring geopolitical developments, international energy price trends and the local fuel supply situation to ensure the stability of Hong Kong’s energy supply.
 
     The financial market is operating smoothly with regard to the trading of other commodities. The Government and financial regulators will continue to closely monitor the situation to ensure its effective functioning.
 
(5) and (6) The Government has been actively promoting enhanced co-operation between Hong Kong and emerging markets in the Global South, including the Middle East and ASEAN, in areas such as finance and trade, and is committed to developing and providing products and services that meet the needs of these markets to seize relevant opportunities.
 
     In the area of finance, as an international financial centre, Hong Kong is dedicated to providing investors and issuers with a diverse range of products and services. Islamic financial products, in particular, can offer issuers additional financing channels and broaden their investor base. The Government amended the laws in 2013 and 2014 to provide a tax framework for issuing sukuk that is comparable to that for conventional bonds, and to allow the issuance of sukuk under the Government Bond Programme. Thereafter, the Government issued three sukuk, totalling US$3 billion, under the Government Bond Programme, demonstrating that Hong Kong’s legal, regulatory and taxation framework can readily support sukuk issuances of different structures, making it a suitable platform for raising funds through sukuk.
 
     In addition, an array of Islamic financial products and services have been rolled out in Hong Kong, including the listing of global sukuk on the Hong Kong Exchanges and Clearing Limited (HKEX), Shariah-compliant equity indices tracking Hong Kong stocks, and Islamic banking windows. Hong Kong and Saudi Arabia have also achieved continuous breakthroughs in developing new financial products in recent years. Following the listing of Asia’s first exchange-traded fund (ETF) investing in Saudi-listed stocks on the HKEX in November 2023, two ETFs tracking Hong Kong stock indices were listed on the Saudi Exchange via master-feeder structure in October 2024. Asia’s first government sukuk ETF was also listed on the HKEX in May 2025.
 
     At the same time, financial regulators are actively promoting the strengths of Hong Kong’s financial system and market through market development efforts, with a view to further strengthening co-operation with Islamic markets such as the Middle East and ASEAN.
 
     In recent years, the HKMA has held multiple bilateral meetings and signed Memoranda of Understanding (MOUs) with central banks in the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Saudi Arabia, Qatar, etc., discussing topics of financial infrastructure development, sustainable finance, fintech, market connectivity and Islamic finance, etc. Notably, the Central Bank of the UAE officially joined the HKMA’s Central Moneymarkets Unit in February 2026, enabling the Central Bank of the UAE and investors in the UAE to fully utilise Hong Kong’s mature financial infrastructure to access the Mainland Chinese capital market and invest in related financial assets. Furthermore, the HKMA and the Dubai Financial Services Authority have co-organised the Joint Climate Finance Conference for two consecutive years since 2024 and, in 2025, initiated a joint study exploring the role of sustainable debt instruments in scaling up climate finance for the emerging markets in the Global South, subsequently publishing a research report titled Scaling Sustainable Debt in Emerging Markets.
 
     In addition, the SFC has also been actively forging greater connectivity with the Middle East region to further reinforce Hong Kong’s role as Asia’s premier capital intermediary. In 2025, the SFC has signed four MOUs with financial regulators in the Middle East region, strengthening co-operation between Hong Kong and the Middle East on the areas of market regulatory oversight, supervision of collective investment scheme managers, cross-border regulatory co-operation on digital assets and the establishment of Mutual Recognition of Funds arrangement.
 
     The Government and financial regulators will continue to advance relevant market development efforts, seeking further co-operation with emerging markets in the Global South, including the Middle East and ASEAN, in the financial field. This will better leverage Hong Kong’s advantages as an international financial centre to connect markets and capital between China and the Global South.
 
     In the area of trade, the Government has been actively seeking to conclude free trade agreements and investment agreements (IAs) with economies in the Middle East and the Global South. The Government has concluded negotiations of IAs with Qatar, Bangladesh and Peru respectively, and is exploring new IAs with Saudi Arabia and Egypt. These agreements require long-term negotiations and have consistently received support from the governments of both sides. The recent situation in the Middle East does not affect the authorities’ intentions regarding these agreements. The Government will continue to actively advance this work. At the same time, the Government will strengthen its role as the functional node for the Belt and Road Initiative, collaborating with industry players to further develop the ASEAN, Middle East and Global South markets, and explore the potential of markets in Central Asia, South Asia and North Africa.