Thundery Showers On Most Days In The First Fortnight of November 2025

Source: Government of Singapore

Singapore, 31 October 2025 – Inter-monsoon conditions are prevailing over Singapore and the surrounding region with winds mostly light and variable in direction.

2          In the first fortnight of November 2025, thundery showers are expected over parts of the island in the afternoon on several days. The showers may extend into the evening on a few of these days. In addition, Sumatra squalls may bring widespread thundery showers and gusty winds on one or two mornings. The total rainfall for the first fortnight of November 2025 is forecast to be below average over most parts of the island.

3          The daily maximum temperatures are likely to range between 33 degrees Celsius and 34 degrees Celsius on most days and reach around 35 degrees Celsius on a few days.

4          For updates of the daily weather forecast, please visit the MSS website (www.weather.gov.sg), NEA website (www.nea.gov.sg), or download the myENV app.

REVIEW OF THE PAST TWO WEEKS (16 – 30 OCTOBER 2025)

5          Inter-monsoon conditions prevailed over Singapore and the surrounding region in the second fortnight of October 2025, with the prevailing winds generally light and variable in direction.

6          In the second fortnight of October 2025, localised short-duration thundery showers fell over parts of the island on some days. Sumatra squalls also brought widespread thundery showers and gusty winds over Singapore on a few days. On 17 October 2025, regional convergence of winds brought moderate to heavy thundery showers over the southern and central parts of Singapore in the afternoon. The daily total rainfall of 56.8mm recorded at Tai Seng that day was the highest rainfall recorded for the second fortnight of October 2025. On 24 October 2025, the passage of a Sumatra squall brought widespread thundery showers and gusty winds over Singapore in the night. The maximum wind gust of 83.2 km/h recorded at Semakau Island that night was the highest wind gust for the year so far.

7          The second fortnight of October 2025 was warm, with daily maximum temperatures registering above 34 degrees Celsius on most days. The highest daily maximum temperatures of 35.7 degrees Celsius were recorded at Paya Lebar and Sembawang on 30 October 2025.

8          Most parts of Singapore recorded below average rainfall in the second fortnight of October 2025. The area around Admiralty registered rainfall of 60 per cent below average, and the area around Tai Seng registered rainfall of 17 per cent above average.

 

CLIMATE STATION STATISTICS

  Long-term Statistics for November
  (Climatological reference period: 1991-2020)
Average daily maximum temperature: 31.2      °C
Average daily minimum temperature: 24.6 °C
Average monthly temperature: 27.2 °C
     
Average rainfall: 252.3 mm
Average number of rain days: 19  
Historical Extremes for November
  (Rainfall since 1869 and temperature since 1929)
Highest monthly mean daily maximum temperature: 32.3  °C (2019)
Lowest monthly mean daily minimum temperature: 22.4  °C (1933)
     
Highest monthly rainfall ever recorded:  521.5  mm (1874)
Lowest monthly rainfall ever recorded: 53.5  mm (1981)

 

 

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METEOROLOGICAL SERVICE SINGAPORE

31 Oct 2025

~~ End ~~

For more information, please submit your enquiries electronically via the Online Feedback Form or myENV mobile application.

President Lai presides over fifth meeting of National Climate Change Committee  

Source: Republic of China Taiwan

Details
2022-04-22
President Tsai attends environmental sustainability forum
On the morning of April 22, Earth Day, President Tsai Ing-wen attended the 100 Re-Actions forum on environmental sustainability in Taipei. In remarks, President Tsai stated that the government will promote a broad transition across Taiwan’s energy sector, industry, lifestyle, and society on the foundations of technology R&D and climate legislation, working together with the public to accelerate progress toward the goal of net-zero emissions by 2050.   A translation of President Tsai’s remarks follows: One year ago today, on Earth Day last year, I attended this forum and announced that we would take a pragmatic and forward-looking approach in plotting a course toward net-zero emissions by 2050. After a year of planning and interagency efforts, the National Development Council (NDC) at the end of last month (March) officially published Taiwan’s Pathway to Net-Zero Emissions in 2050, along with an explanation of our overall strategy. On the foundations of technology R&D and climate legislation, the government will promote a broad transition across Taiwan’s energy sector, industry, lifestyle, and society in order to accelerate progress toward net-zero emissions.   Technological advances are a key driver of the global transition to net-zero. Whether it’s the net-zero roadmap set out by the International Energy Agency (IEA) or the roadmaps of other countries, long-term carbon reduction will rely on new technologies to deliver further breakthroughs. Taiwan has globally competitive technological advantages, and we must invest in the research and development of new sustainable energy technologies, taking a multi-pronged approach to comprehensively deploy the technologies needed for net-zero.  In terms of legislation, the Environmental Protection Administration has worked to amend the Greenhouse Gas Reduction and Management Act. In addition to changing the name of the act to the Climate Change Response Act, its proposed revisions would write the 2050 net-zero emissions goal into law while activating a carbon pricing mechanism and filling out procedures for carbon footprint verification. Yesterday, the Executive Yuan approved these draft revisions and forwarded them to the Legislative Yuan for review. Going forward, the government will continue to push for further revisions to three key energy-related laws, and will leverage the power of green finance to help our finance sector accelerate the pace of our transition.  Energy transition is at the heart of this work. Since 2016, the government has been actively developing our green energy industry and continues to increase our renewable energy generation capacity, transforming Taiwan into the green energy hub of Asia. The purpose of these efforts is to lay a strong foundation for our future energy transition.  Moving forward, we will invest in the research and development of emerging technologies, including in hydrogen energy, geothermal energy, and other alternative green energy sources. Moreover, to accompany growth in green energy, we will continue to advance the development of smarter electrical grids and energy storage equipment. We want to use the power of technology to drive and accelerate the pace of our energy transition, so that by 2050, renewable energy accounts for at least 60 percent of our generation capacity, hydrogen accounts for around 10 percent, and fossil fuel with carbon capture accounts for around 20 percent, thereby achieving a stable energy transition.  In industry, our government continues to collect recommendations from a range of agencies and develop systematic strategies for reducing carbon emissions. As a country with an export-oriented industrial sector, Taiwan needs to make structural adjustments in order to become a part of the global green supply chain, whether through the enhancement of production processes in our manufacturing sector, the electrification of vehicles, or other means. To achieve this, our public and private sectors will have to work together. I encourage our business leaders to follow our government’s model of first working with major companies to lead the way for smaller companies, together reducing the potential impacts of this transition on business while also making Taiwanese industry more competitive internationally.  Our transition to reach net-zero by 2050 will touch every aspect of our lives. To help everyone make lifestyle adjustments, the relevant government agencies have been engaging the public in conversation to forge a broad consensus on this matter. In addition to rallying everyone in Taiwan toward a low-carbon lifestyle, we are working to incorporate this idea even more broadly in areas such as diet, transportation, and architecture.  When it comes to the transition for society at large, the most important thing is to take care in ensuring a fair process. The government is preparing to collaborate with the public to jointly establish a social support system that will assist disadvantaged groups from all sectors of society, helping them turn the challenges of this transition into opportunities while also ensuring public participation and a just process. It is our hope that the costs of this transformation will not be unfairly placed on disadvantaged groups, which is why the government will help them through this process.  Achieving Taiwan’s goal of net-zero emissions by 2050 will be a massive challenge. Our government has already planned to invest NT$900 billion by 2030 to promote our transition plans and continue to fine-tune our efforts. We also look forward to industry, academia, and all sectors of society working together with our government, as this forum reminds us that sustainability cannot be achieved by working alone. We will combine our nation’s strengths and resources to ensure that the international push for a transition to net-zero by 2050 helps power Taiwan’s own development heading into this new era. The NDC’s publication of Taiwan’s Pathway to Net-Zero Emissions in 2050 and explanation of our overall strategy last month was just the beginning. Our government has received recommendations from industry and environmental organizations, and there will be many projects and work that will require collaboration among us all. We will soon begin the next phase of our dialogue with the public, and will continue to review and revise our plans on a rolling basis, so that the people and government can continue cooperation and take significant strides toward our goal of net-zero by 2050.

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2021-12-09
President Tsai meets senior delegation from SEMI and renewable energy sector
On the morning of December 9, President Tsai Ing-wen met with a senior delegation of representatives from the industry association SEMI and the renewable energy sector. During the meeting, President Tsai stated that the government will continue working to achieve its goal of 20 gigawatts of installed solar capacity by 2025, and will release additional offshore wind power capacity for development each year in order to build a more flexible and resilient power grid. The president also asked the business community for its support in these government efforts, so that we can lay a solid foundation for Taiwan’s future global competitiveness. A translation of President Tsai’s remarks follows: It was just yesterday that we met at the Energy Taiwan expo. And it is a pleasure to welcome you all to the Presidential Office today for a more in-depth exchange of views and to hear your valued opinions. First of all, I want to thank SEMI for its longstanding focus on the development of Taiwan’s semiconductor sector. Its annual SEMICON Taiwan exhibition is a major event for the global semiconductor industry, as well as an important platform for our homegrown firms to connect with their international counterparts. Let me take this opportunity to wish SEMI all success with the upcoming SEMICON Taiwan exhibition, which will be held at the end of the month. This year, the value of Taiwan’s semiconductor industry is expected to exceed NT$4 trillion, breaking previous records. One important task we have in maintaining our nation’s global leadership in this sector is the development of green energy, so we can address the demand for green energy from semiconductor firms. Since 2016, cooperation between our government and all of you, as industry leaders, has yielded notable progress in Taiwan’s solar and wind power sectors. And last year, the Ministry of Economic Affairs established a platform for trading green energy, speeding up efforts to coordinate green energy demand and supply in the private sector. Going forward, as we pursue our goal of 20 gigawatts of installed solar capacity by 2025, I will be closely following the MOEA’s evaluation of additional areas for potential solar power project development. In addition, we have already announced details of the bidding process and localization requirements for the third phase of our offshore wind power development plan, as part of which 1.5 gigawatts of capacity will be up for bidding each year from 2026 to 2031. Moreover, to facilitate the integration of renewable energy into Taiwan’s power supply grid, Taipower has set a goal of installing more than 1,000 megawatts of energy storage capacity by 2025, through a combination of direct construction as well as private tenders. Our administration will continue to work to ensure the stability of our power grid by developing more flexible and resilient systems. Energy transition is a key policy priority for our government, and we have a clear roadmap for how to overcome the challenges ahead of us and meet our goals. Your cooperation and support for our government’s efforts are important to us. Together, we can help lay a firm foundation for Taiwan’s future competitiveness. Among the members of the visiting delegation were SEMI Global Chief Marketing Officer and SEMI Taiwan President Terry Tsao (曹世綸), SEMI PV Committee Chairman Andy Shen (沈維鈞), SEMI Wind Energy Committee Vice Chairman Julian Kuo (郭世榮), SEMI Energy Storage Committee Chairman Paul Ai (艾祖華); United Renewable Energy Co. (URE) Chairman Sam Hong (洪傳獻); TSEC Corp. Chairman Liao Kuo-jung (廖國榮); ASE Technology Holding Co. Corporate Administration Officer Dtuang Wang (汪渡村); Yuen Foong Yu Group Chairman Hui-Jean Liu (劉慧瑾); Copenhagen Infrastructure Wind Power Development Taiwan Co. Managing Director Marina Hsu (許乃文); Ørsted Asia Pacific President Matthias Bausenwein; Siemens Gamesa Offshore Asia-Pacific General Manager Niels Steenberg; AUO Optronics Corp. Vice President of Energy Business T.Y. Lin (林恬宇); and Enel X Taiwan Co. General Manager Chen Wei-ting (陳威廷).

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2021-12-08
President Tsai attends 2021 Energy Taiwan opening ceremony
On the morning of December 8, President Tsai Ing-wen attended the opening ceremony of the 2021 Energy Taiwan exhibition. In remarks, President Tsai stated that by 2025 domestic construction of wind and solar power installations is set to generate NT$1.7 trillion in investments, more than NT$2 trillion in output value, and 160,000 job opportunities. The president also said that the government is making every effort to make Taiwan the green energy hub of Asia, while speeding up and expanding our green energy rollout so that Taiwan’s energy sector will be an indispensable link in the international green energy supply chain. A translation of President Tsai’s remarks follows: We’re all aware that one of the key issues at last month’s COP26 was the goal of net-zero emissions by 2050. This goal has become a global consensus, and, going forward, countries around the world will be working toward reducing their carbon emissions. Transforming our energy sector is the key to reducing carbon emissions, and today’s Energy Taiwan exhibition highlights Taiwan’s determination and ability to develop renewable energy. Each of you here is an important partner to our government in our joint effort to promote Taiwan’s energy transition. I have participated in this exhibition’s opening ceremony for four consecutive years, not just to show how important energy issues are for this administration, but also to thank all of you in person. Because of your efforts, Taiwan has been able to engage with the international community and contribute more to the world. Climate change is a global challenge, and Taiwan is joining the global response. The Environmental Protection Administration is currently working on amendments to our nation’s Greenhouse Gas Reduction and Management Act, including writing the 2050 net-zero goal into law. And the Executive Yuan has set up a task force to evaluate possible paths toward net-zero emissions and draft a blueprint for our energy transition. Today’s exhibition is our domestic green energy industry’s largest platform for exchange. I want everyone to know that our government is making every effort to realize our vitally important goal of making Taiwan the green energy hub of Asia. In the future, global industrial demand for green energy will only continue to grow. This year, Taiwan began to implement provisions that will spur major power consumers to increase the proportion of renewable energy they use within five years. The EU Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism will also subject the carbon footprints of export products to more rigorous inspections. As such, many international enterprises have joined the RE100 initiative, under which they have committed to using 100-percent renewable energy in the future. Here, TSMC and UMC are among the companies which have joined RE100 and have acted on their green energy commitments. I’m sure you all noticed that last week, SEMI released new data showing that Taiwan’s firms spent over US$7.3 billion on semiconductor manufacturing equipment in the third quarter, setting a domestic record and making Taiwan the world’s largest market for such equipment. This year, the output value of Taiwan’s semiconductor industry is projected to surpass NT$4 trillion for the first time ever. Our semiconductor industry is indeed thriving. To meet urgent industry demand for green energy, our government is speeding up and expanding our green energy rollout, and is helping make Taiwan’s energy sector an indispensable link in the international green energy supply chain. I also want to share with you that Taiwan’s solar energy installed capacity has grown by a factor of 4.7 over the past five years, and our second offshore wind farm has also started operation. We expect that, through 2025, wind and solar power construction projects in Taiwan will generate NT$1.7 trillion in investments, more than NT$2 trillion in output value, and 160,000 job opportunities. To further progress and develop, Taiwan must continue to promote the transformation of our energy sector. To reach our long-term goal of net-zero emissions, we need to use natural gas in this transitional period and build a more flexible and responsive power supply network. Building the third liquefied natural gas import terminal will help relieve the imbalance created by generating power for northern Taiwan in central and southern Taiwan, and will also reduce air pollution in central and southern Taiwan. This facility is crucial to Taiwan’s energy sector and to achieving net-zero emissions. We all know how important energy is to our nation’s economic development, industrial competitiveness, and people’s everyday lives. So, however difficult this energy transition may be, our government will continue to engage with people throughout society to jointly resolve any issues we might encounter. I hope we can combine our collective strengths and resolutely forge ahead on this path. In closing, I want to thank the organizer and co-organizers for their efforts to expand the scope of this exhibition every year. I also want to congratulate today’s award winners, and thank each of you for your contributions to transforming Taiwan’s energy sector. Let’s continue to work together toward this goal. Thank you, and I wish you all a successful exhibition. Following her address, President Tsai presented the SEMI Taiwan Industry Contribution Awards, Taiwan Excellent PV Awards, Top Solar Awards, and PVGSA Renewable PV Power System Promotion Awards to awardees and firms. The president also visited the Copenhagen Infrastructure Partners, United Renewable Energy, and Taiwan Solar Energy Corporation exhibition booths and listened to presentations introducing their products. Also in attendance at the exhibition were Vice Minister of Economic Affairs Lin Chuan-neng (林全能), Chairman of the Taiwan External Trade Development Council James C. F. Huang (黃志芳), SEMI Taiwan President Terry Tsao (曹世綸), and members of the diplomatic corps stationed in Taiwan.

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2021-11-07
President Tsai addresses COP26 Taiwan Day event
On the afternoon of November 7 (morning of the same day in the UK), President Tsai Ing-wen addressed the Taiwan Day event held on the sidelines of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) Conference of the Parties (COP26) via video. President Tsai stated that no single country can address the global climate crisis alone and that Taiwan should be included as part of the solution to this issue. The president also reiterated that Taiwan is willing and able to work side-by-side with our international partners to achieve our collective goal of net-zero emissions by 2050 and ensure a sustainable environment for future generations. A transcript of President Tsai’s remarks follows: First, I want to extend a warm welcome to you all for your presence at COP26 Taiwan Day. While the COVID-19 pandemic continues to present tremendous challenges to the world, the effort to tackle the global climate crisis also requires our immediate and joint attention. In recent decades, the world has faced increasingly grave challenges from extreme weather and climate change. Taiwan, as an integral part of the global community, is looking to play a role and make greater contributions in this important endeavor, so we can leave a better world for our future generations. Therefore, on this critical issue of climate change, Taiwan is determined to join the world in working toward the goal of net-zero emissions by 2050. My administration has been aggressively implementing an energy transition plan since 2016, and is cultivating an even more aggressive plan to expedite our energy transition toward the net-zero goal. To demonstrate our commitment, we are also incorporating the target of “2050 Net-Zero Emissions” into our domestic law. Our government is also engaging the private sector to jointly develop green energy. Our collaboration has helped Taiwan’s installed solar power capacity grow 450 percent over the past five years. And our first offshore wind farm began operation in 2019. Our effort doesn’t stop here. We aim to do more than just to expedite our own energy transition. Taiwan is also working to become the Green Energy Hub in Asia. We also want to share our experience with neighboring countries to facilitate a more sustainable region. With the international community taking steps toward a zero-carbon economy, I am pleased to see so many experts from government agencies, industry, civil society, and academia gathered here today. This is a wonderful opportunity for us to discuss and exchange views on green energy and green finance with our friends from around the world. Let me take this opportunity to reiterate that Taiwan is willing and capable to work side-by-side with our international partners to achieve our collective goal of net-zero emissions by 2050. Taiwan regards attaining net-zero and mitigating crisis as our collective and generational responsibility. And for this very reason, Taiwan should be included as part of the solution to address the global climate crisis. No single country can do this alone. Only by being united can we ensure a sustainable environment for future generations. Thank you all again for your participation. I wish you all a productive and fruitful COP26 Taiwan Day. The UNFCCC COP26 meetings are being held in Glasgow, Scotland between October 31 and November 12. Taiwan held COP26 Taiwan Day on November 7 in Glasgow to show our nation’s willingness and determination to work with international partners to address climate change and achieve net-zero emissions by 2050.

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2021-04-22
President Tsai attends forum on environmental sustainability
On the morning of April 22, President Tsai Ing-wen attended the opening ceremony of the 2021 Social Design Action Forum, entitled “Sustainability—The Solutions for Our Earth.” In her remarks at the event, President Tsai noted that we all have a common goal: to cut carbon emissions and slow climate change, thereby reducing the resulting impacts and giving humans and all living things a sustainable environment. At the same time, she said, carbon reduction will prompt profound economic changes. The president added that Taiwan is plotting a path to achieve net zero emissions by 2050, both via an ongoing energy transformation, and by developing systematic strategies to reduce emissions in sectors such as manufacturing, transportation, residential construction, and agriculture. A translation of the president’s remarks follows: Today is Earth Day, a day when we come together to think about ways to promote sustainable development. We must recognize that humankind’s only home, our earth, is now facing serious challenges. Taiwan is a key example of the challenges we face. Due to the effects of extreme weather, two or three years ago, we were worrying about flooding after torrential rains. And from last year until now, we have been experiencing our most severe drought in a century.  Although our proactive Forward-looking Infrastructure Development Program has strengthened our water distribution and the development of new water sources, the challenges that we face from extreme weather are still serious. We all hope that these extreme weather patterns will not become the new normal. We therefore have a responsibility to work even harder to resolve climate issues.  As everyone knows, a new international trend is emerging to respond to climate change. The European Union (EU) led the way by proposing a European Green Deal at the end of 2019, including a pledge to become carbon-neutral, which means achieving net zero emissions, by 2050. The EU is also expected to start imposing a carbon tax. In addition, in the Indo-Pacific region, Japan, Korea, and China have all come out since last year to propose target dates for reaching net zero emissions. Our key partner, the United States, is also following suit, and today, President Joe Biden will convene a climate summit. The United States will play a key role in addressing global carbon reduction.  The world is changing rapidly, and so far, over 120 countries have announced plans to achieve net zero emissions before 2050. Many multinational brands such as Apple, Google, and Microsoft have also made commitments to reach net zero emissions. Everyone has a common goal: to cut carbon emissions and slow climate change, thereby reducing the resulting impacts and giving humans and all living things a sustainable environment. At the same time, carbon reduction will prompt profound economic changes. Whoever can take the lead in developing new technologies and creating new economic models will cement their status in a new global order. Taiwan will not be left to chase this international trend. During my first term in office, we launched the 5+2 industrial innovation plan, as part of which we are now engaged in an all-out effort to develop green energy and a circular economy. In my New Year’s address this past January, I said that we would consult widely to identify the future sustainable development methods most appropriate for Taiwan, while turning the challenges of carbon reduction into new opportunities for industrial development and job creation. Most countries around the world are talking about achieving net zero carbon emissions by 2050, and Taiwan is actively preparing to take steps toward this goal. Under the coordination of our Executive Yuan, our government has already begun evaluating what Taiwan needs to do to reduce CO2 emissions. In addition to the ongoing transformation of our energy sector, we also need to devise systematic strategies to reduce emissions in manufacturing, transportation, residential construction, and agriculture. Some regard these things as a challenge, but I firmly believe that many of our friends in industry see the transformation to net zero as an opportunity. Thinking must change on both the supply and demand sides of the market, so that we can seize new business opportunities and make Taiwan an even stronger competitor in global supply chains. Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC), for example, has joined the RE100 renewable energy initiative, which promotes 100-percent reliance on green energy. And many companies have joined the Taiwan Circular Economy 100, an alliance of firms seeking to move away from the linear economy toward a circular economy. These are excellent examples of the willingness of industry to adapt to these emerging trends. I was also very happy to see domestic media organizations, corporations, and civil society groups launch the 2021 Social Design Action Forum, held in collaboration with the American Institute in Taiwan, to expand space for international exchange focused on innovation. Kevin Yang (楊振甫), the CEO of 5% Design Action and the curator of today’s event, said that “The battle for sustainability isn’t one you can fight alone.” The cover of the latest issue of TIME magazine clearly states: “Climate Is Everything.” Putting a stop to global warming is one of the key challenges of our generation. As I said earlier, Taiwan cannot sit on the sidelines of this challenge; we must seek out opportunities to cooperate with other countries and create mutually beneficial outcomes. In closing, I want to thank the organizers of this summit for their thoughtful arrangements, as well as the many people concerned about climate change in attendance. I wish you all success over the coming three days, as everyone pools their collective wisdom to come up with creative new solutions.

Details
2025-10-10
President Lai delivers 2025 National Day Address
President Lai Ching-te on the morning of October 10 attended the ROC’s 114th Double Tenth National Day Celebration in the plaza fronting the Presidential Office Building, and delivered an address titled “A New Taiwan Rises in a Time of Change.” A translation of the president’s address follows: National Day Celebration Chairperson Han Kuo-yu (韓國瑜), Vice President Bi-khim Hsiao, Premier Cho Jung-tai (卓榮泰), Her Excellency the Governor-General of Belize Froyla Tzalam and Mr. Daniel Mendez, His Excellency the Governor-General of St. Lucia Errol Charles and First Lady Anysia Charles, President of the Chamber of Deputies of the Republic of Paraguay Raúl Latorre, Japan-ROC Diet Members’ Consultative Council Chairman Furuya Keiji, heads of delegations from diplomatic allies and friendly nations, members of the foreign diplomatic corps in Taiwan, distinguished guests from home and abroad, and my fellow citizens here in person and watching on TV or online: Good morning. Today is the National Day of the Republic of China, and while we gather every year to celebrate the nation’s birthday, this year is an especially significant one. It is a historic year for Taiwan’s democratization. One month ago, September 10, was the historic date when the number of days Taiwan had spent free from martial law officially surpassed the number of days endured under its stifling rule. This signifies that we have parted entirely from an authoritarian regime and its shadow, and have ushered in a democratic future full of hope. We will not forget the blood and tears of those who united to defend against aggression, nor will we forget the selfless sacrifices of past generations in pursuit of democracy and freedom, granting sovereignty to the people. Those stories, which have become woven into the fabric of our land, are our collective memory. Democratic Taiwan, forged through untold hardships, is what most clearly positions the 23 million people of Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen, and Matsu in this world. Taiwan is a beacon of democracy in Asia. For every person still living in darkness under authoritarian rule, we forever shine the light of hope. This year also saw Taiwan’s rise. Nations around the world are suffering drastic changes and challenges, and Taiwan is no exception. In addition to the Russia-Ukraine war, turmoil in the Middle East, and China’s continued military expansion, the United States’ tariff policy has delivered a blow to economies and industries alike. But the people of Taiwan are still on their feet. And not only that – this year’s economic performance greatly impressed the global community. According to the Asian Development Bank’s latest report, Taiwan’s economic growth rate this year leapt from 3.3 to 5.1 percent, leading the Four Asian Tigers and surpassing China. Taiwanese exports have continued to reach record highs, and employment is at its best in 25 years. Our stock market has also risen for six consecutive months, hitting an all-time high of 27,301 points. Taiwan’s market capitalization has topped US$3 trillion, making our stock market the world’s eighth largest, and foreign exchange reserves surpassed US$600 billion for the first time, setting a new record. In the midst of adversity, we remain undaunted. In the midst of challenges, we grow ever stronger. These are achievements that the people of Taiwan made together. Let us all celebrate them!  These impressive economic accomplishments also reflect the stellar record of Taiwan’s semiconductor, ICT, electronic component, and other leading industries. Their advantageous position in the global supply chain is the result of long-term key policies for the development of technological and manufacturing capabilities, unique business models, and government-led science parks. This is a monumental industrial achievement forged by decades of combined efforts, and it belongs to all the people of Taiwan. As president, it is my mission to protect these valuable assets and use them to boost Taiwan’s and even worldwide industrial and economic growth, helping to create even better lives for people in Taiwan and around the world. This is also the direction Taiwan is taking. Of course, we will certainly not ignore the formidable challenges in this time of global change, and the risks they pose to different industries, different fields, and groups of different backgrounds. Many of the champions, traditional industries, and micro-, small-, and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) leading Taiwan’s economic growth from behind the scenes are facing the pressure of the digital and net-zero transition. Many workers feel concerned and uneasy about job opportunities, salaries, commodity prices, and cost of living in the face of the AI wave. Farmers are also being impacted by an aging rural population and market liberalization. The government will not take these challenges lightly, and will not ignore the impact they have on each and every citizen. It is our responsibility to put our full effort into assisting traditional industries, MSMEs, working families, and those in the agricultural and fishing industries. Therefore, in addition to having proposed a 93-billion-NT-dollar tariff impact support plan to help enterprises, workers, and those in the agricultural and fishing industries weather this difficult time, the government will also be investing tens of billions of dollars each year to help MSMEs introduce AI into their work so they can move toward digital and net-zero upgrading and transformation and address challenges. For traditional machine tools, screws and nuts, and other industries that are facing difficulties, we will also be proposing separate countermeasures to actively help boost competitiveness and expand the market. My fellow citizens, times of change are also times of opportunity. Taiwan’s economic performance is clear for all to see, and our key position in the global supply chain can neither be challenged nor replaced. In the face of change, we must not doubt ourselves or waver, but seize opportunities with confidence and bravely follow through. We must not be complacent or turn back, but even more proactively forge ahead in the world. A Taiwan that is certain will serve as an important, reliable, and steady force for an uncertain world. Moving ahead, we will adopt three major strategies in order to ensure the Republic of China Taiwan’s competitive advantage: First, we will expand investment in Taiwan. Our Three Major Programs for Investing in Taiwan have yielded substantial results. Investment has surpassed NT$2.5 trillion, creating over 160,000 job opportunities. In July, the Executive Yuan extended the programs to 2027 while also expanding applicable industries and eligibility to include overseas Taiwanese businesses worldwide and foreign investing enterprises. The government is continuing to optimize the investment environment, adding NT$720 billion in new loans to attract investment in Taiwan and bring in an estimated NT$1.2 trillion in capital and 80,000 more job opportunities. Besides having good work, we should also have good lives. With this in mind, the government launched the Trillion NT Dollar Investment National Development Plan to encourage copious investment of private capital in public infrastructure through innovative public-private partnerships. It expands funding for construction while at the same time promoting critical infrastructure projects across counties and cities nationwide, in areas such as water, electricity, housing, education, healthcare, culture, tourism, and transportation. This will help meet local residents’ needs so they can live happy lives, and enable industries and spheres of living to develop in a complementary way so that we can achieve our goal of a balanced Taiwan. Second, we will deepen international economic and trade cooperation, and expand our global presence. This year, Taiwan and the United Kingdom, under the framework of our Enhanced Trade Partnership arrangement, additionally signed three pillar arrangements in investment, digital trade, and energy and net-zero. This marks a new milestone for Taiwan-UK economic and trade relations, showing our mutual commitment to high international trade standards and laying the foundation for cooperation in technology, advanced manufacturing, and other strategic industries. Moving ahead, Taiwan will sign bilateral economic and trade cooperation agreements with even more friends and allies while upholding the principle of mutual benefits. We will also actively engage in reciprocal tariff negotiations with the US to secure a reasonable rate, resolve the trade deficit between Taiwan and the US, and deepen industrial cooperation. This will enable Taiwan’s economic development to become more globally connected and thereby make great strides. Third, we are building a chain of “guardian mountains” to shore up Taiwan’s industrial capabilities. In this digital age, we will implement 10 new AI infrastructure initiatives. In addition to helping make Taiwan one of the world’s top five computing centers, we will also invest more vigorously in R&D in three key technological fields: quantum technology, silicon photonics, and robotics. This will facilitate the introduction of AI tools in different sectors and professions, and promote the application of AI in various fields, helping Taiwan move toward an era of comprehensive smart technology and continue to maintain its leading position in global tech development. We are also building Taiwan into a hub in Asia for asset management. This will not only help retain trillions in Taiwanese capital, but attract investment in Taiwan with international capital, promoting growth in the financial industry, creating quality job opportunities, and strengthening Taiwan. The biopharmaceutical industry is a key national industry and has thus been included in our National Project of Hope. We are also developing toward greater use of precision health in health maintenance, preventive medicine, diagnosis, treatment, and care, giving our nation durable competitiveness and advancing the well-being of our people. Next year, our National Infectious Diseases Bank will be completed, and Taiwan will continue stepping up its cooperation with other countries in the field of biotechnology. Through our program for investment in smart healthcare innovation and entrepreneurship, with its budget of NT$10 billion, we will encourage more firms to invest in innovative R&D, expand investment, and move the biomedical industry toward becoming a trillion-NT-dollar industry, which will be one more guardian mountain for our nation. My fellow citizens, Taiwan is for all the people of Taiwan. We are well aware that no matter how impressive our economic performance may be, we must not overlook anyone on this land. The fruits of our economic growth should be enjoyed by all our people. Good numbers should translate into good lives, with no one left behind. Helping our citizens stay healthy, nurturing young talent, creating an even better environment for the younger generation, and providing greater support for young families is the government’s absolute responsibility. The Healthy Taiwan Cultivation Plan, launched this year, is improving the medical environment and system overall and will ensure higher quality healthcare services for all citizens. Also this year, we officially established the Ministry of Sports, ushering in a new era of sports for all, competitive sports, and professional sports. With this new ministry, we aim to ensure that all athletes receive full national support so that they can pursue their dreams on the global stage, winning national glory. In addition, to support our young people, we are providing free tuition for high schools and vocational schools, and an NT$35,000 annual tuition subsidy for students of private junior colleges, colleges, and universities. Our Taiwan Global Pathfinders Initiative, which supports young people aged 15 to 30 in pursuing their dreams abroad, is officially underway. Moreover, for renters, the government provides NT$30 billion in annual rent subsidies. Unmarried renters with an annual income below NT$626,000, families of four with a combined annual income below NT$1.641 million, and households with three generations living together with a combined annual income below NT$2.1245 million will be exempt from individual income tax. We will also provide even greater support to the young parents in our society. In addition to promoting version 2.0 of our national childcare policy for ages 0–6, with increased childcare allowances and expanded childcare subsidies, starting next year, the government will provide an increased birth subsidy of NT$100,000 per child. Nor do our senior citizens need to worry. Next year, with the launch of Long-Term Care 3.0, the government will work hard to ensure that all seniors receive more convenient, more comprehensive care. Our goal is to ensure that all to whom the nation belongs – our children, young people, parents, and grandparents – receive better care so that they can face the future with greater confidence. This year also marks the 80th anniversary of the end of World War II. The lessons of World War II are still fresh in our memory. The ambitions of the aggressors in that conflict caused widespread devastation and loss of life. In today’s world, authoritarianism continues to expand and the international order faces severe challenges. Regional order in the Taiwan Strait, East China Sea, and South China Sea, and even the security of the entire first island chain, are under serious threat. Democratic Taiwan is a crucial link for the peace and stability of the Indo-Pacific and a responsible member of the international community. As such, Taiwan will work to uphold the status quo, ensure peace and stability across the Taiwan Strait, and promote the prosperous development of the region. We look forward to the day when China can take responsibility as a major power and cease its distortion of United Nations General Assembly Resolution 2758 and historical World War II documents. We also hope it will renounce the use of force or coercion to change the status quo across the Taiwan Strait so that we can jointly maintain the peace and stability of the Indo-Pacific. Looking back at World War II, we see that so many experienced the suffering of war and the pain of invasion. We should learn from these lessons and ensure that the tragedies of history are never repeated. The outcomes of that conflict tell us that aggression fails, unity prevails, and that peace is won through strength. I want to declare to our citizens and the international community: At the end of this year, we will be proposing a special budget for national defense. Defense spending, as it is defined by NATO, will exceed 3 percent of GDP next year, and will reach 5 percent of GDP by 2030, showing our determination to safeguard the nation. The increase in defense spending has a purpose; it is a clear necessity to counter enemy threats and a driving force for developing our defense industries. Through our new defense budget, we aim to achieve three major goals: First, we will accelerate our building of the T-Dome, establish a rigorous air defense system in Taiwan with multi-layered defense, high-level detection, and effective interception, and weave a safety net for Taiwan to protect the lives and property of citizens. Second, we will advance the integration of high-tech and AI technologies to build a smart defense combat system, maximizing effective deterrence for our asymmetric strategy. Third, we will continue to invest in innovative defense technologies and collaborate with the military industries of advanced nations to bolster our defense industry capabilities. We will strengthen our domestic supply chains through local R&D, design, and manufacturing. This will enable Taiwan to accelerate industry upgrades, enhance the resilience of our military equipment, and boost the capacity of our defense industry. In that way, Taiwan, becoming a trusted security partner for our friends and allies, can jointly avoid the red supply chain and foster trust in defense among free and democratic countries, while building a robust line of defense to safeguard the values of freedom and democracy. We are determined to maintain peace through strength. We firmly believe that strength is not obtained through military strength alone, but must also rely on resilience throughout society. Over the past year, through the efforts of the Office of the President Whole-of-Society Defense Resilience Committee, we have built up greater strength between the government and private sector, and between the central and local governments. We have integrated disaster prevention and defense to strengthen military-civilian cooperation. We have also continued to strengthen resilience in civilian training, energy, healthcare, information and communications networks, and finance, comprehensively enhancing our ability to respond to various crises. I want to emphasize that building societal defense and resilience requires every ounce of effort. Last month, we released our updated national public safety guide, which includes strategies for responding to various natural disasters and even extreme scenarios such as a military invasion. We plan to gradually ensure that each and every household has access to this safety guide, because only when all of society participates and learns to help themselves and one another can Taiwan develop greater resilience to face all kinds of challenges. My fellow citizens, over the past year, we have faced numerous challenges together, but the people of Taiwan never give up hope. Whenever a crisis arises, we always see numerous Taiwanese standing on the frontline, selflessly dedicating themselves to the nation they love. Just last month we saw two very moving scenes. The first was at the UN General Assembly held in New York, where many members of the overseas Taiwanese community raised money and launched a fundraising campaign to light up Times Square with advertisements to “Chip in with Taiwan,” promoting Taiwan’s participation, and advocating that we are “Better Together.” It touched the hearts of people around the world. The second was the tens of thousands of volunteers who, after the Fata’an Creek barrier lake disaster, slipped on their rain boots, shouldered their shovels, and traveled great distances to provide relief to help the affected residents of Hualien return to normal life as soon as possible.  These “superheroes with shovels” did more than dig out heavy mud and sludge to help disaster victims return home; these heroes also uncovered a light – a light of hope that warmed every heart it touched. More than that, they proved the remarkable resilience of the Taiwanese people and their resolve to protect our homeland in the face of crisis. Now, let us all thank these superheroes of disaster relief, who come from all walks of life and from all over the country, as well as friends from abroad and the military, police, firefighters, and central and local government personnel who devoted themselves to the relief effort. This spontaneous nationwide movement is absolutely unique in the world, and for that the world will remember: Taiwan, that small mountainous country, is truly compassionate, and truly great! Moving forward, I will continue to lead the country, hearts united, without fear of hardship or challenge, bravely, toward an even better tomorrow. Let’s keep going, Taiwan! Let’s keep going, Republic of China! Let’s keep going, Republic of China Taiwan! Thank you.

Tender for re-opening of 3-year RMB HKSAR Institutional Government Bonds to be held on November 6

Source: Hong Kong Government special administrative region

The following is issued on behalf of the Hong Kong Monetary Authority:

The Hong Kong Monetary Authority (HKMA), as representative of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Government (HKSAR Government), announced today (October 31) that a tender of 3-year RMB institutional Government Bonds (Bonds) through the re-opening of existing 3-year Government Bond issue 03GB2807001 under the Infrastructure Bond Programme will be held on November 6, 2025 (Thursday), for settlement on November 10, 2025 (Monday).
 
An additional amount of RMB1.0 billion of the outstanding 3-year Bonds (issue no. 03GB2807001) will be on offer. The Bonds will mature on July 28, 2028 and will carry interest at the rate of 1.59 per cent per annum payable semi-annually in arrear. The Indicative Pricings of the Bonds on October 31, 2025 are 99.56 with a semi-annualised yield of 1.756 per cent.
 
Tender is open only to Primary Dealers appointed under the Infrastructure Bond Programme. Anyone wishing to apply for the Bonds on offer can do so through any of the Primary Dealers on the latest published list, which can be obtained from the Hong Kong Government Bonds website at www.hkgb.gov.hk. Each tender must be for an amount of RMB50,000 or integral multiples thereof.
 
Tender results will be published on the HKMA’s website, the Hong Kong Government Bonds website, Bloomberg (GBHK ) and Refinitiv (IBPGSBPINDEX). The publication time is expected to be no later than 3pm on the tender day.

HKSAR Institutional Government Bonds Tender Information

Tender information of 3-year RMB HKSAR Institutional Government Bonds:
 

Issue Number : 03GB2807001
Stock Code : 85039 (HKGB1.59 2807-R)
Tender Date and Time : November 6, 2025 (Thursday)
9.30am to 10.30am
Issue and Settlement Date : November 10, 2025 (Monday)
Amount on Offer : RMB1.0 billion
Maturity : 3 years
Remaining maturity : Approximately 2.72 years
Maturity Date : July 28, 2028 (Friday)
Interest Rate : 1.59 per cent p.a. payable semi-annually in arrear
Interest Payment Dates : January 28 and July 28 in each year, commencing on the Issue Date up to and including the Maturity Date, subject to adjustment in accordance with the terms of the Institutional Issuances Information Memorandum of the Infrastructure Bond Programme and Government Sustainable Bond Programme (Information Memorandum) published on the Hong Kong Government Bonds website.
Method of Tender : Competitive tender
Tender Amount : Each competitive tender must be for an amount of RMB50,000 or integral multiples thereof. Any tender applications for the Bonds must be submitted through a Primary Dealer on the latest published list.

The accrued interest to be paid by successful bidders on the issue date (November 10, 2025) for the tender amount is RMB228.70 per minimum denomination of RMB50,000.

(The accrued interest to be paid for tender amount exceeding RMB50,000 may not be exactly equal to the figures calculated from the accrued interest per minimum denomination of RMB50,000 due to rounding).

Other Details : Please see the Information Memorandum available on the Hong Kong Government Bonds website or approach Primary Dealers.
Expected commencement date of dealing on
the Stock Exchange
of Hong Kong Limited
: The tender amount is fully fungible with the existing 03GB2807001 (Stock code: 85039) listed on the Stock Exchange of Hong Kong.
Use of Proceeds : The Bonds will be issued under the institutional part of the Infrastructure Bond Programme. Proceeds will be invested in infrastructure projects in accordance with the Infrastructure Bond Framework published on the Hong Kong Government Bonds website.

Monetary Statistics for September 2025

Source: Hong Kong Government special administrative region

The following is issued on behalf of the Hong Kong Monetary Authority:

According to statistics published today (October 31) by the Hong Kong Monetary Authority, total deposits with authorized institutions increased by 1.3 per cent in September 2025. Among the total, Hong Kong dollar deposits and foreign currency deposits increased by 1.4 per cent and 1.3 per cent respectively in September. In the year to end-September, total deposits and Hong Kong dollar deposits increased by 10.2 per cent and 4.1 per cent respectively. Renminbi deposits in Hong Kong increased by 3.5 per cent in September to RMB1,001.8 billion at the end of September. The total remittance of renminbi for cross-border trade settlement amounted to RMB1,123.2 billion in September, compared with RMB996.9 billion in August. It should be noted that changes in deposits are affected by a wide range of factors, such as interest rate movements and fund-raising activities. It is therefore more appropriate to observe the longer-term trends, and not to over-generalise fluctuations in a single month.
 
Total loans and advances increased by 0.7 per cent in September, and increased by 1.6 per cent in the year to end-September. Among the total, loans for use in Hong Kong (including trade finance) and loans for use outside Hong Kong increased by 0.6 per cent and 0.7 per cent respectively in September. The Hong Kong dollar loan-to-deposit ratio decreased to 73.6 per cent at the end of September from 74.6 per cent at the end of August, as Hong Kong dollar deposits increased while Hong Kong dollar loans remained virtually unchanged.
 
For the third quarter of 2025 as a whole, loans for use in Hong Kong (including trade finance) decreased by 0.4 per cent after increasing by 1.6 per cent in the previous quarter. Analysed by economic use, loans to building, construction, property development and investment decreased, while loans to financial concerns increased.
 
Hong Kong dollar M2 and M3 both increased by 1.4 per cent in September, and both increased by 4.5 per cent when compared to a year ago. The seasonally-adjusted Hong Kong dollar M1 decreased by 1.4 per cent in September, while increased by 11.5 per cent compared to a year ago, reflecting in part investment-related activities. Total M2 and total M3 both increased by 1.3 per cent in September. Compared to a year earlier, total M2 and total M3 both increased by 11.1 per cent. 
 
As monthly monetary statistics are subject to volatilities due to a wide range of transient factors, such as seasonal funding demand as well as business and investment-related activities, caution is required when interpreting the statistics.

Release Schedule of Monetary Statistics in Hong Kong

The monthly release schedule of monetary statistics in Year 2026 is as follows.
 

Reference Month Release Date
January 2026 February 27, 2026
February 2026 March 31, 2026
March 2026 April 30, 2026
April 2026 May 29, 2026
May 2026 June 30, 2026
June 2026 July 31, 2026
July 2026 August 31, 2026
August 2026 September 30, 2026
September 2026 October 30, 2026
October 2026 November 30, 2026
November 2026 December 31, 2026
December 2026 January 29, 2027

Residential mortgage loans in negative equity: End of September 2025

Source: Hong Kong Government special administrative region

Residential mortgage loans in negative equity: End of September 2025  
     The estimated number of RMLs in negative equity was 31 449 cases at end-September 2025, as compared to 37 806 cases at end-June 2025. These cases were mainly related to bank staff housing loans or RMLs under mortgage insurance programme, which generally have a higher loan-to-value ratio.
 
     The aggregate value of RMLs in negative equity decreased to HK$156.8 billion at end-September 2025 compared with HK$190.2 billion at end-June 2025.
 
     The unsecured portion of these loans decreased to HK$10.9 billion at end-September 2025 from HK$14.3 billion at end-June 2025.
 
     The three-month delinquency ratio of RMLs in negative equity remained at a low level of 0.24 per cent at end-September 2025 as compared to 0.21 per cent at end-June 2025.
 
     It is important to note that the figures derived from this survey relate only to RMLs provided by authorized institutions on the basis of first mortgages and which the reporting institution knows to be in negative equity (i.e. the outstanding loan amount with the reporting institution exceeds the current market value of the mortgaged property). Not included in these figures are RMLs associated with co-financing schemes which would be in negative equity if the second mortgages were taken into account. The extent to which such RMLs are in negative equity is not known because authorized institutions do not maintain records on the outstanding balances of the second mortgages. 
 
     The mortgage portfolios of the surveyed authorized institutions represent about 99 per cent of the industry total. The survey results have been extrapolated to estimate the position of the banking sector as a whole. 
Issued at HKT 16:45

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Provisional Statistics of Retail Sales for September 2025

Source: Hong Kong Government special administrative region

     The Census and Statistics Department (C&SD) released the latest figures on retail sales today (October 31).

     The value of total retail sales in September 2025, provisionally estimated at $31.3 billion, increased by 5.9% compared with the same month in 2024. The revised estimate of the value of total retail sales in August 2025 increased by 3.9% compared with a year earlier. For the first 9 months of 2025 taken together, it was provisionally estimated that the value of total retail sales decreased by 1.0% compared with the same period in 2024. 
Commentary

Government’s financial results for six months ended September 30, 2025

Source: Hong Kong Government special administrative region

Government’s financial results for six months ended September 30, 2025 

 
 September 30, 2025
HK$ millionSeptember 30, 2025
HK$ millionand repayment of
Government Bondsissuance of
Government BondsGovernment Bonds*and repayment of
Government BondsGovernment Debts as at September 30, 2025 (Note 3)
    HK$338,229 million
Debts Guaranteed by Government as at September 30, 2025 (Note 4)
    HK$116,761 million

TABLE 2. FISCAL RESERVES
 

 
 September 30, 2025
HK$ millionSeptember 30, 2025
HK$ millionissuance and repayment of
Government Bonds(Note 5)Notes:

1. This Account consolidates the General Revenue Account and the following eight Funds: Capital Works Reserve Fund, Capital Investment Fund, Civil Service Pension Reserve Fund, Disaster Relief Fund, Innovation and Technology Fund, Land Fund, Loan Fund and Lotteries Fund. It excludes the Bond Fund, the balance of which is not part of the fiscal reserves. The Bond Fund balance as at September 30, 2025, was HK$170,212 million. 
(i) the Green Bonds (equivalent to HK$193,122 million as at September 30, 2025) issued under the Government Sustainable Bond Programme. They were denominated in US dollars (US$10,950 million with maturity from January 2026 to January 2053), euros (5,580 million euros with maturity from February 2026 to November 2041), Renminbi (RMB32,000 million with maturity from February 2026 to July 2054) and Hong Kong dollars (HK$22,000 million with maturity from February 2026 to October 2026);
 
(ii) the Infrastructure Bonds (equivalent to HK$90,596 million as at September 30, 2025) issued under the Infrastructure Bond Programme. They were denominated in Renminbi (RMB31,250 million with maturity from December 2025 to June 2055) and Hong Kong dollars (HK$56,480 million with maturity from November 2025 to June 2055); and
 
(iii) the Silver Bonds with nominal value of HK$54,511 million (with maturity in October 2027 and may be redeemed before maturity upon request from bond holders) issued under the Infrastructure Bond Programme.
 
     They do not include the outstanding bonds with nominal value of HK$124,317 million and alternative bonds with nominal value of US$1,000 million (equivalent to HK$7,784 million as at September 30, 2025) issued under the Government Bond Programme with proceeds credited to the Bond Fund. Of these bonds under the Government Bond Programme (including Silver Bonds with nominal value of HK$53,817 million, which may be redeemed before maturity upon request from bond holders), bonds with nominal value of HK$77,217 million will mature within the period from October 2025 to September 2026, and the rest within the period from October 2026 to May 2042.
 
4. Includes guarantees provided under the SME Loan Guarantee Scheme launched in 2001, the Special Loan Guarantee Scheme launched in 2008, the SME Financing Guarantee Scheme launched in 2012, and the Loan Guarantee Scheme for Cross-boundary Passenger Transport Trade, the Loan Guarantee Scheme for Battery Electric Taxis and the Loan Guarantee Scheme for Travel Sector launched in 2023.Issued at HKT 16:30

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Advance estimates on Gross Domestic Product for third quarter of 2025

Source: Hong Kong Government special administrative region

Advance estimates on Gross Domestic Product for third quarter of 2025 
     According to the advance estimates, GDP increased by 3.8% in real terms in the third quarter of 2025 over a year earlier, compared with the increase of 3.1% in the second quarter.
 
     Analysed by major GDP component, private consumption expenditure increased by 2.1% in real terms in the third quarter of 2025 over a year earlier, compared with the increase of 1.9% in the second quarter.
 
     Government consumption expenditure measured in national accounts terms recorded an increase of 1.6% in real terms in the third quarter of 2025 over a year earlier, compared with the increase of 2.5% in the second quarter.
 
     Gross domestic fixed capital formation increased further by 4.3% in real terms in the third quarter of 2025 over a year earlier, following the increase of 1.9% in the second quarter.
 
     Over the same period, total exports of goods measured in national accounts terms recorded an increase of 12.2% in real terms over a year earlier, compared with the increase of 11.5% in the second quarter. Imports of goods measured in national accounts terms grew by 11.7% in real terms in the third quarter of 2025, compared with the increase of 12.6% in the second quarter.
 
     Exports of services rose by 6.1% in real terms in the third quarter of 2025 over a year earlier, after the increase of 8.6% in the second quarter. Imports of services increased by 2.6% in real terms in the third quarter of 2025, compared with the increase of 7.3% in the second quarter.
 
     On a seasonally adjusted quarter-to-quarter comparison basis, GDP increased by 0.7% in real terms in the third quarter of 2025 when compared with the second quarter.
 
Commentary
 
     A Government spokesman said that the Hong Kong economy staged a robust performance in the third quarter of 2025, driven by a continued surge in exports and sustained expansion in domestic demand. According to the advance estimates, real GDP grew by 3.8% over a year earlier, picking up from the 3.1% growth in the preceding quarter. On a seasonally adjusted quarter-to-quarter basis, real GDP rose further by 0.7%.
 
     Analysed by major expenditure component, total exports of goods continued to grow markedly in the third quarter, propelled by strong demand for electronic-related products and buoyant regional trade flows. Exports of services also expanded notably, mainly supported by continued growth in inbound tourism and vibrant cross-boundary financial activities amid rises in global stock markets. Domestically, private consumption expenditure grew further. Overall investment expenditure saw an accelerated increase alongside the economic expansion and stabilisation in the residential property market.
 
     Looking ahead, the Hong Kong economy should see further solid growth for the rest of 2025. Sustained moderate growth of the global economy in the near term, together with the persistent stellar demand for electronic-related products of late, should provide further support to Hong Kong’s exports of goods. Continued increase in visitor arrivals and vibrant financial market activities should provide further impetus to exports of services. On the domestic front, the renewed interest rate cuts in the United States since this September are conducive to boosting asset market sentiment. Coupled with a gradual recovery in consumption confidence and also a visible improvement in business sentiment from earlier this year, these developments should lend support to local consumption and investment activity. The Government’s various measures to develop the economy and diversify markets will also provide support. However, external uncertainties, especially those arising from the ongoing impacts of trade barriers on the global economy, international trade and financial conditions still warrant close monitoring.
 
     The revised figures on GDP and more detailed statistics for the third quarter of 2025, as well as the revised GDP forecast for 2025, will be released on November 14, 2025.
 
Further information
 
     The year-on-year percentage changes of GDP and selected major expenditure components in real terms from the third quarter of 2024 to the third quarter of 2025 are shown in Table 1.
 
     When more data become available, the C&SD will compile revised figures on GDP. The revised figures on GDP and more detailed statistics for the third quarter of 2025 will be released at the C&SD website (www.censtatd.gov.hk/en/scode250.html 
     For enquiries about statistics on GDP by expenditure component, please contact the National Income Branch (1) of the C&SD (Tel: 2582 5077 or email:
gdp-e@censtatd.gov.hkIssued at HKT 16:29

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